Final Exam Research II

Question 1

What are the barriers to EBP?

Answer 1

Time
Access 
How to find the literature 
Cost 
Misconception that EBP is used over clinic knowledge

Question 2

EBP is used to and for?

Answer 2

Locating, appraising and applying the existing research

Question 3

Research is used for and to?

Answer 3

Test hypothesis 
Generate new information 
Describe lived experience 
Assert connection between study concepts 
Suggest cause and effect relationship

Question 4

What is systematic Error or bias?

Answer 4

How participants are entered to the study. For example a therapist enters a client into the study because he/or she thinks it will be beneficial for the client.

Question 5

What is measurement bias?

Answer 5

Measuring at different times then the rest of ground rounding the data differently

Question 6

Level II

Answer 6

Two groups, nonrandomized studies

Cohort, case-control

Question 7

Level III

Answer 7

One group, nonrandomized

Before and after, pretest and posttest

Question 8

Level IV

Answer 8

Descriptive studies including analysis of outcome
Singe subject design
case series

Question 9

Level V

Answer 9

Case report and experts opinion

Question 10

What is contamination?

Answer 10

Occurs when control groups receives intervention

Question 11

What is baseline equality?

Answer 11

Intervention and control group should be equal on important participants characteristics… age, gender, severity of disability

Question 12

What is Quasi-Experimental design?

Answer 12

Investigate cause relationships between variables without random assignment to experimental group

Question 13

What does the P stands for?.

Answer 13

Probability values

The probability that will result by a chance

Question 14

What is correlation?

Answer 14

Used to measure the extend to which two variables are associated

Question 15

What is correlation reported as?

Answer 15

r = .##, p

Question 16

What about the positive and negative correlation?

Answer 16

The closes to negative (-1.0) or positive (1.0) the stronger the correlation

Question 17

True or false. Correlation causes-and-effect relationship?

Answer 17

False. The correlation does not explain why X results in Y

Question 18

What is regression?

Answer 18

Type of analysis designed to predict the levels of another variable.

Question 19

What is the regression used for?

Answer 19

to identify risk factors as predictors of certain conditions

Question 20

What is regression reported as?

Answer 20

R2 = .##

Question 21

What Is mode?

Answer 21

The most frequent used number

Question 22

What is median?

Answer 22

Mathematical half-pint

Question 23

Parametric Variables? (quantitive research) include?

Answer 23

Interval variable - age, weight, muscle power, blood pressure
Ration Variable - absolute 0

Question 24

Non-Parametric Variable? (Qualitative Research) include?

Answer 24

Nominal - Gender, race, color, city

Ordinal - Socioeconomic status, level of agreement, developmental levels.

Question 25

Independent variable is?

Answer 25

What is being manipulated | such as intervention

Question 26

Dependent variable is?

Answer 26

is the output of the independent variable such as outcomes.

Question 27

When do you use T test?

Answer 27

Parametric

Question 28

When would you use Independent Sample? (T-test)

Answer 28

When comparing two group together

Question 29

When would you use paired sample?

Answer 29

When comparing between pretest and posttest scores in single group.

Question 30

What would you use Mann-Whitney U Test

Answer 30

Nonparametric | Used to analyze ordinal data from two groups

Question 31

What would you use Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test?

Answer 31

Non parametric | Pain Scale

Question 32

What would you use Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Answer 32

Parametric | When there is more than 3 groups and when 2 outcomes being analyzed or repeated measures comparison

Question 33

What would you use Kruskal-Wallis H-Test?

Answer 33

Non-parametric involving 3 or more groups

Question 34

What would you use Friedman ANOVA test?

Answer 34

Non-Parametric involving comparison of 3 or more variables

Question 35

What is Reliability?

Answer 35

Each time the specific method or assessment is used, the outcome will be consistent. Example: FRT used today, later on during a day and tomorrow should have the same results.

Question 36

Test-Retest Reliability?

Answer 36

Consistency of the measurement across time. | +.80

Question 37

Interrater Reliability?

Answer 37

Consistency of the measure across different raters Cohen's alpha .90 is considered strong

Question 38

Intrarater Reliability?

Answer 38

Same therapist raters the patient on different occasion

Question 39

Internal Consistency?

Answer 39

reflects consistency within the measurement itself each part of the measures is consistent to other. Cronbach's alpha +.80 or greater

Question 40

What if Validity ?

Answer 40

The degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.

Question 41

Face Validity?

Answer 41

refers to the test and it's content or protocol if it is designed to assess the variables which are being tested.

Question 42

Content Validity?

Answer 42

Indicates and evaluates if the test covered all the aspects of the domain which is being tested.

Question 43

Criterion Validity?

Answer 43

The extent to which the test results corresponds with other valid test

Question 44

Construct Validity?

Answer 44

Extend to which the instrument generated data fits with the theory or concept