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Sociology > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of socialization?

A 
Childhood (0-12)
Adolescence (13-18)
Early Adulthood (20s-30s)
Middle Adulthood (40s-50s)
Late Adulthood (60+)
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2
Q

What are the social institutions?

A 
Family
Education
Economy
Government
Religion
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3
Q

Social Institutions: Family

A

The family is generally regarded as a primary social institution.

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4
Q

Social Institutions: Education

A

Education is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms.

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5
Q

Social Institutions: Economy

A

Economic institutions work in modern society to ensure the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Government/state institutions also influence economic systems.

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6
Q

Social Institutions: Religion

A

Their function is to bring stability and function through their rituals and system of beliefs, norms, and symbols.

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7
Q

Social Institutions: Government

A

They are responsible for setting rules and enforcing them to define how individuals integrate into society. Legal institutions help us by regulating society and preventing crime as they enforce law and policy.

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8
Q

Perspectives: Interactionist

Creator

A

Socialization, roles, communication, small group interaction. Created by Richard Q. Bell

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9
Q

Perspectives: Conflict

Creator-

A

Inequality and problems resulting from competition over scarce resources. Created by Karl Marx

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10
Q

Independent variable

A

the characteristic you predict is causing change or differences

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11
Q

Dependent variable

A

the characteristic you predict is affected by differences

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12
Q

Status

A

socially defined position in a group or in a society

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13
Q

Roles

A

behavior expected of someone occupying a status

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14
Q

Groups

A

2 or more people

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15
Q

Class Systems

A

A class system is based on both social factors and individual achievement.

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16
Q

Caste System

A

A stratified system based on a status conferred at birth (ascribed status) due to an individual’s descent in which individuals do not have mobility due to custom or law.

17
Q

Cyclical Theory

A

Society changes through natural stages

18
Q

Evolutionary Theory

_______

A

Society changes over time in one direction

19
Q

Equilibrium Theory

A

Society seeks order and balance

20
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Society changes through disputes between groups

21
Q

Social Movements Stages

A

Agitation (Small group brings public awareness), Legitimation(Gains respect and support), Bureaucratization(develops structure), Institutionalization(becomes established)

22
Q

Collective Behavior: Collectivity

A

Limited interaction
No clearly defined norms
No sense of group unity

23
Q

Correlation vs. Causation

A

A correlation between variables, however, does not automatically mean that the change in one variable is the cause of the change in the values of the other variable. Causation indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other even.

24
Q

Role Taking “I” and “Me”

A

This distinction was originally based on the idea that the former (“Me”) corresponds to the self as an object of experience (self as object), while the latter (“I”) reflects the self as a subject of experience (self as subject).

25
Q

Types of Deviance

A

conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion

26
Q

Epistemology

A

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the study of knowledge.

27
Q

Social Imagination

A

To have a sociological imagination, a person must be able to pull away from the situation and think from an alternative point of view.

28
Q

Founding Fathers

A

The three founding fathers of sociology are Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx.

29
Q

Culture (Sub/counter)

A

a sub/counter culture is a group of people with a culture that differentiates themselves from the larger culture to which they belong.

30
Q

Change Theory

DER

A

The Change Theory has three major concepts: driving forces, restraining forces, and equilibrium.
DER

31
Q

Class Consciousness

A

is the set of beliefs that a person holds regarding their social class

32
Q

Dramaturgy

A

Dramaturgy is a sociological concept developed by Erving Goffman that uses the metaphor of theater to explain human behavior.

33
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

described the term, involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others

34
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture.

Sociology (6 decks)

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