Final Exam Review

Question 1

The most common part-time occupation was ___________.

Answer 1

manufacture of textiles

Question 2

The ________ played a pivotal role in spurring industrial development in the United States.

Answer 2

Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812

Question 3

The most famous of the company towns was____.

Answer 3

Lowell, Massachusetts

Question 4

________was an American engineer and inventor, best known for developing ways to automate the flour milling process.

Answer 4

Oliver Evans

Question 5

Corporal punishment of ________ was common in factories.

Answer 5

both children and adults

Question 6

Under the _____, said critics, the value of a product should accurately reflect the labor needed to produce it.

Answer 6

Labor theory of value

Question 7

________, who painted Home in the Woodsin 1847, was an American artist.

Answer 7

Thomas Cole

Question 8

In 1831, ______and the slaves on his family’s plantation tested a horse-drawn mechanical Reaper, and over the next several decades, he made constant improvements to it.

Answer 8

Cyrus McCormick

Question 9

____, who improved on the design of plows, helped open the prairies to agriculture.

Answer 9

John Deere

Question 10

____added the telegraph to the list of American innovations introduced in the years before the Civil War.

Answer 10

Samuel Morse

Question 11

The _____Railroad was the first to begin service with a steam locomotive.

Answer 11

Mohawk and Hudson

Question 12

_____became a noted financier in the later nineteenth and early twentieth century.

Answer 12

J.P. Morgan

Question 13

________served an important function as places to forget the long hours and uncertain wages of the factories.

Answer 13

Taverns

Question 14

An Anglican minister named _________wrote the classic tale of Washington’s unimpeachable virtue in his 1800 book, The Life of Washington.

Answer 14

Mason Locke Weems

Question 15

Universal manhood suffrage consisted of voting rights for _____.

Answer 15

all white male adults

Question 16

New Jersey explicitly restricted the right to vote to _____.

Answer 16

white men only

Question 17

The system of rewarding party loyalists is known as the_____.

Answer 17

spoils system

Question 18

The election of _____proved a turning point in American politics.

Answer 18

1824

Question 19

______was popular for his military victories in the War of 1812 and in wars against the Creek and the Seminole.

Answer 19

Andrew Jackson

Question 20

The replacement of appointed federal officials is called _________.

Answer 20

rotation in office

Question 21

The so-called _____affair divided Washington society.

Answer 21

Petticoat

Question 22

The theory of _____, or the voiding of unwelcome federal laws, provided wealthy slaveholders, who were a minority in the United States, with an argument for resisting the national government if it acted contrary to their interests.

Answer 22

nullification

Question 23

The governor of South Carolina, _____, elected in 1832, was a strong proponent of states’ rights and the theory of nullification.

Answer 23

Robert Hayne

Question 24

The forced migration, known as the _____, caused the deaths of as many as four thousand Cherokee.

Answer 24

Trail of Tears

Question 25

The ______, which lasted only a matter of weeks, illustrates how much whites on the frontier hated and feared Indians during the Age of Jackson.

Answer 25

Battle of Bad Axe

Question 26

In the 1840 presidential campaign, the Whigs promoted ___________as a war hero based on his 1811 military service against the Shawnee chief Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Answer 26

William Henry Harrison

Question 27

The _______would afford the country that controlled it not only access to the interior of North America but also—more importantly—a relatively quick route to the Pacific Ocean and to trade with Asia.

Answer 27

Northwest Passage

Question 28

James Long’s men succeeded in capturing _________, writing a Declaration of Independence, and setting up a republican government.

Answer 28

Nacogdoches

Question 29

The________Amendment denounced slavery as immoral and opposed to the nation’s founding principles of equality and liberty.

Answer 29

Tallmadge

Question 30

Under the terms of the ______, Missouri and Maine would enter the Union at the same time, Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state.

Answer 30

Missouri Compromise

Question 31

_____were the Mexican residents of Texas.

Answer 31

Tejanos

Question 32

By the early 1830s, all the lands________had been settled and admitted to the Union as states.

Answer 32

east of the Mississippi River

Question 33

A/An __________was an administrator who often combined the duties of mayor, judge, and law enforcement officer.

Answer 33

alcalde

Question 34

Haden Edwards and a small party of men took prisoners to __________of Nacogdoches.

Answer 34

the alcalde

Question 35

Surprisingly, General _______, Mexico’s new president, agreed to all demands, except the call for statehood.

Answer 35

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Question 36

In September 1836, military hero _______was elected president of Texas, and, following the relentless logic of U.S. expansion, Texans voted in favor of annexation to the United States.

Answer 36

Sam Houston

Question 37

In 1845, a New York newspaper editor, __________, introduced the concept of "manifest destiny."

Answer 37

John O’Sullivan

Question 38

Annexing ______was an important objective for U.S. foreign policy because it appeared to be an area rich in commercial possibilities.

Answer 38

Oregon

Question 39

Illinois representative _________ and other members of Congress issued the “Spot Resolutions.”

Answer 39

Abraham Lincoln

Question 40

__________new slave states entered the Union between 1789 and 1860, rapidly expanding and transforming the South into a region of economic growth built on slave labor.

Answer 40

Nine

Question 41

By the mid-nineteenth century, southern commercial centers like ________had become home to the greatest concentration of wealth in the United States.

Answer 41

New Orleans

Question 42

Slaves endured the traumas of slavery by _________to find hope for a world of freedom without violence.

Answer 42

creating their own culture and using the Christian message of redemption

Question 43

In 1793, __________ revolutionized the production of cotton when he invented the cotton gin, a device that separated the seeds from raw cotton.

Answer 43

Eli Whitney

Question 44

By 1850, of the 3.2 million slaves in the country’s _________slave states, 1.8 million were producing cotton.

Answer 44

15

Question 45

______authored the 1852 novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Answer 45

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 46

Bales of cotton typically weighed about _______ pounds.

Answer 46

four hundred to five hundred

Question 47

After ________, importing slaves from Africa became illegal in the United States.

Answer 47

January 1, 1808

Question 48

Southern whites frequently relied upon the idea of _________, the premise that white slaveholders acted in the best interests of slaves--to justify the existence of slavery.

Answer 48

paternalism

Question 49

Some slaves played into their masters’ racism by______.

Answer 49

hiding their intelligence and feigning childishness and ignorance

Question 50

Charles Deslondes and Nat Turner ____________________________

Answer 50

Led slave rebellions in the antebellum South

Question 51

Frederick Douglass, who escaped slavery in 1838, became a(an)___________ in the North.

Answer 51

abolitionist leader, statesman and orator, writer

Question 52

_________,the fervent belief that the Kingdom of God would be established on earth and that God would reign on earth for a thousand years, characterized by harmony and Christian morality.

Answer 52

Millenialism

Question 53

The __________founded in 1816, distributed Bibles in an effort to ensure that every family had access to the sacred text.

Answer 53

American Bible Society

Question 54

______was one of the best-known ministers of the Second Great Awakening.

Answer 54

Charles Grandison Finney

Question 55

______created the first separate African American church, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, in the 1790s.

Answer 55

Richard Allen

Question 56

______emerged as the leading figure of transcendentalism.

Answer 56

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 57

________placed a special emphasis on the role of nature as a gateway to the transcendentalist goal of greater individualism.

Answer 57

Henry David Thoreau

Question 58

________came to prominence as a leading transcendentalist and advocate for women’s equality.

Answer 58

Margaret Fuller

Question 59

_________added to the transcendentalist movement, most notably with his 1855 publication of twelve poems, entitled Leaves of Grass.

Answer 59

Walt Whitman

Question 60

A variety of reformers created organizations devoted to _________, that is, moderation or self-restraint.

Answer 60

Temperance

Question 61

Total abstinence from alcohol is known as_______.

Answer 61

teetotalism

Question 62

___________________________________________________stood out as a leading light among the health reformers in the antebellum years.

Answer 62

Sylvestor Graham

Question 63

_________Rebellion, one of the largest slave uprisings in American history, took place in 1831, in Southampton County, Virginia.

Answer 63

Nat Turner’s

Question 64

The _________provided federal money—or “bounties”—to slave-catchers

Answer 64

Fugitive Slave Act

Question 65

______,born a slave in Maryland around 1822, distinguished herself for her efforts in helping other enslaved men and women escape.

Answer 65

Harriet Tubman

Question 66

The most consequential reaction against the Fugitive Slave Act came in the form of a novel, _______.

Answer 66

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Question 67

In January 1854,_____introduced the Kansas-Nebraska bill.

Answer 67

Stephen Douglas

Question 68

The American, or Know-Nothing Party, was opposed to_____.

Answer 68

immigration of Irish Catholics and Laborers from China

Question 69

_________said: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

Answer 69

Abraham Lincoln

Question 70

.In what became known as the ______Doctrine, Stephen Douglas adamantly upheld popular sovereignty.

Answer 70

Freeport

Question 71

In the late 1850s, Southern extremists, known as __________,openly called for secession.

Answer 71

Fire Eaters

Question 72

In October 1859, the radical abolitionist ______ and eighteen armed men, both blacks and whites, attacked the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

Answer 72

John Brown

Question 73

The election of 1860 threatened American democracy when the elevation of _________ to the presidency led to a severe economic crisis in the West.

Answer 73

Abraham Lincoln

Question 74

Lincoln’s election in 1860 owed much to _____.

Answer 74

the disarray in the Democratic Party

Question 75

The attack by _______ left Charles Sumner incapacitated physically and mentally for a long period of time.

Answer 75

Preston Brooks

Question 76

The 1860 election of _______ was a turning point for the United States.

Answer 76

Abraham Lincoln

Question 77

Since the 1830s, abolitionists, led by journalist and reformer _____, had cast slavery as a national sin and called for its immediate end.

Answer 77

William Lloyd Garrison

Question 78

The Confederacy’s attack on _________on April 12, 1861, stoked pro-war sentiment on both sides of the conflict.

Answer 78

Fort Sumnter

Question 79

General ________, arguably the best military commander of the day, was on the side of the Confederacy.

Answer 79

Robert E. Lee

Question 80

The Five Civilized Tribes ________.

Answer 80

supported slavery, backed the Confederacy, and had many members that owned slaves

Question 81

The South’s economy depended heavily on the export of____.

Answer 81

cotton

Question 82

The majority of military leaders on both sides______.

Answer 82

received the same education

Question 83

General______, the general in chief of the army, responsible for overall control of Union land forces, proved especially reluctant to engage in battle with the Confederates.

Answer 83

George B. McClellan

Question 84

General ________Army of the West, operating in Kentucky, Tennessee, and the Mississippi River Valley.

Answer 84

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 85

In both the North and the South, women were forced to take over ______ and ______ abandoned by their husbands as they left for war.

Answer 85

farms; businesses

Question 86

In August 1861, legislators approved the ______, empowering the Union to seize property, including slaves, used by the Confederacy.

Answer 86

Confiscation Act

Question 87

In his speech, known as the ______, Lincoln invoked the Founding Fathers and the spirit of The American Revolution.

Answer 87

Gettysburg Address

Question 88

The end of the Civil War saw the beginning of the ________era, when former rebel Southern states were integrated back into the Union.

Answer 88

Reconstruction

Question 89

The ________called for a majority of voters and government officials in Confederate states to take an oath.

Answer 89

Wade-Davis Bill

Question 90

In December 1865, the________was officially ratified and added to the Constitution.

Answer 90

13th Amendment

Question 91

Lincoln’s assassination elevated Vice President__________, a Democrat, to the presidency.

Answer 91

Andrew Johnson

Question 92

_________in Congress greatly resented Johnson’s lenient treatment of the former Confederate states, and especially the return of former Confederate leaders to Congress.

Answer 92

Radical Republicans

Question 93

The ________ gave citizens equal protection under both the state and federal law, overturning the Dred Scott decision.

Answer 93

14th Amendment

Question 94

Republicans saw the _______ as a way to deal with the disorder in the South.

Answer 94

Reconstruction Acts

Question 95

Arguing that President Johnson had openly violated the ______. The House of Representatives quickly drafted a resolution to impeach him, a first in American history.

Answer 95

Tenure of Office Act

Question 96

In impeachment proceedings, the _________ serves as the prosecution and the _________ acts as judge, deciding whether the president should be removed from office.

Answer 96

House of Representatives; Senate

Question 97

With the ________ Amendment, Republicans sought to extend the right to vote to black men.

Answer 97

15th

Question 98

The _______ was created for the expressed purpose of securing “equal Rights to all American citizens, especially the right of suffrage, irrespective of race, color or sex.”

Answer 98

American Equal Rights Association (AERA)

Question 99

The Union Leagues were extensions of the _____.

Answer 99

Republican Party

Question 100

The “Solid South” referred to a region that consistently_____.

Answer 100

voted in a bloc for the Democratic Party