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Plant Science > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 5 steps of scientific inquiry?

A

Identify problem
Form hypothesis
Test hypothesis
Collect and interpret results
Report results

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2
Q

The 6 major groups of food crops are:

A

Oil crops
Cereal crops
Fruit crops
Vegetable crops
Sugar crops
Roots and tubers

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3
Q

Besides human nutrition, plants are used for:

A

Medicine
Pleasure/ornamentals
Fuel
Fiber

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4
Q

Explain the difference between climate and weather.

A

Climate: weather patterns of any given area
Weather: the climate values at any given time

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5
Q

What factors effect climate?

A

Bodies of water
Mountains
Valleys
Temperature
Precipitation
Solar radiation
Wind direction and speed
Seasonal variation

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6
Q

What are the nine steps in the hydrologic cycle?

A

Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Infiltration
Groundwater
Aquifer
Runoff
Accumulation

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7
Q

Discuss photoperiod in regard to short day, long day, and day neutral plants

A

Short day - only flower when the day length is shorter than the critical time length of plants
Long day - only flower when the day length is longer than the critical time length of plants
Day neutral - flower during any day length as long as other conditions are good

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8
Q

Describe the two different ways we irrigate crops

A

Overheads - where sprinklers hang over the crops and water them as it travels around the field
Flooding - water crops until standing water is noticeable around them

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9
Q

Chains of carbons linked together with H and O atoms

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

Carbon chains with H but no O atoms

A

Fatty acids

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11
Q

Carboxyl (OH attached to C) and amine (NH2)

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

Long chains of amino acids

A

Proteins

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13
Q

Soil is composed of what 4 components:

A

Solid
Organic
Liquid
Air

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14
Q

Water left after gravity has drained what it can is considered the:

A

Field capacity

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15
Q

What are the 5 factors for soil formation:

A

Parent material
Time
Topography
Biology
Climate

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16
Q

4 processes of chemical weathering are:

A

Dissolution - parent material dissolves
Hydration - molecular water is added to a compound to make it easier to pulverize
Hydrolysis - reaction with water to make a more soluble product
Oxidation - formation of oxides of parent material

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17
Q

Which soil horizon accumulates nutrients, fine particles from upper layer, has less organic material and some roots present

A

Horizon B

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18
Q

Which soil horizon is unweathered or slightly weathered and can include the accumulation of calcium carbonate and other salts

A

Horizon C

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19
Q

Which soil horizon contains most roots, largest amount of organic matter, permeable and dark color, and the area of greatest leaching

A

Horizon A

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20
Q

The pH range for most plants to grow lies between ______ and ______.

A

5 and 7

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21
Q

Briefly explain the cation exchange capacity and its importance to growing crops.

A

cation exchange capacity is the soil particles ability to hold and attract positively charged ions. It is important so farmers know what nutrients need to be added to the soil and at the wrong capacity the soil can have the nutrients but could not be available to plant

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22
Q

Thick proteinaceous liquid where organelles flow

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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24
Q

Site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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25
ATP production
Mitochondria
26
Genetic code
Nucleus
27
Storage reserve for water, salts, and other solutes
Vacuole
28
Protects cell and provides support for plant structure
Cell wall
29
Single layer around entire plant
Epidermis
30
Thin walled, under the epidermis, active in photosynthesis
Parenchyma
31
Thick walled, fibers, when die the empty cell remains
Sclerenchyma
32
Support tissue in young stems, petioles, and leaf veins
Collenchyma
33
Maturing stems, bark and potato skins, water proof cell wall, die but maintain shape
Cork
34
Conducts water and dissolved minerals from roots to all parts
Xylem
35
Conducts food and metabolites throughout plant
Phloem
36
Three functions of roots are
Support and anchor Absorb water and minerals Photosynthate storage
37
Compare and contrast monocots and dicots
Monocots - parallel veins, long/slender blades, vascular bundles are scattered, petals in multiple of 3 Dicots - branched veins, broad shape, vascular bundles arranged in ring, petals in multiplied of 4 or 5
38
Horizontal growth underground
Rhizomes
39
Horizontal growth along ground
Stolon
40
Underground compressed stems
Corms
41
Compressed underground stems with many leaves attached
Bulbs
42
Underground enlarged fleshy stems
Tubers
43
Explain how water and nutrients travel through plant
44
Irreversible gain in volume or weight biomass, including height/length, volume, and surface are considered
Plant growth
45
______ complete their lifecycle in one growing season
Annuals
46
__________ have limited stem growth the 1st season, go dormant, then experience reproductive growth the 2nd season
Biennials
47
Woody type _________ root and shoot systems remain alive and shoots may go dormant during winter months
Perennials
48
What can be done to create short day light exposure during long days
Covering plants with a dark or black cloth to minimize exposure to light
49
Name 4 pollination agents
Bees/insects Small animals Wind Water
50
Explain fertilization process in angiosperms
Pollen tube grows down through opening in ovule Releasing two sperm nuclei (1N) 1 sperm nuclei joins with an egg forming 2N zygote 1 sperm nuclei joins with 2 polar nuclei forming 3N endosperm for food storage to help with zygote development
51
5 classes of plant hormones discussed are
Auxin Gibberellins Cytokinin Ethylene Abscisic acid
52
_______ cannot photosynthesize
Heterotrophs
53
___________ photosynthesize
Autotrophs
54
Explain the carbon cycle
Essential for life on earth Solar energy is converted into carbohydrates through photosynthesis Energy is released through respiration Supports metabolism in organisms Carbon is cycled and recycled in this process
55
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light yields 6C(H2O) + 6O2
56
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ADP + 36P yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
57
Explain photosynthesis
Captures radiant energy Energy is converted into carbohydrates - made up of C, H, and O from CO2 and H2O, Oxygen is released, Chemical bonds in carbohydrates are converted into radiant energy Oxidized carbon is converted into reduced carbon Energy is stored in CH2O bonds
58
Explain respiration
Breaking of carbohydrate bonds Releasing energy, CO2, and H2O Energy is released in a way that can drive metabolic reactions Reduced carbon is converted into oxidized carbon Similar to fossil fuel combustion, but combustion energy is released as heat or fire
59
Genotype vs phenotype
Genotype - genetic makeup of plant Phenotype - physical appearance or behavior of plant
60
10 different asexual propagation methods
Apomictic Cutting Grafting Budding Layering Runners Suckers Separating Division Micropropagation
61
Name 3 ways we test seed viability
Float Cut X-ray Tetrazolium Germination Excised embryo
62
Scarification vs stratification
Scarification - rupturing the seed coat Stratification - exposing moist seeds to chilling temperatures
63
Steps in germination
Absorption of water by seed Activation of hormones and enzymes - breakdown of stored food, respiration decreases Embryo growth and development - root/shoot axis grows, seed coat ruptures
64
Explain how plants are genetically engineered
Gene identified and clipped Marker gene attached Gene inserted into plasmid Agrobacterium injects plasmid into cells of plant

Plant Science (1 decks)

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