Final exam review Flashcards
Describe volcanic ash
Corrosive, abrasive and hard
Pyroclastic ejecta
Block
Pre-existing rocks shattered by eruption.
What is a lava fountain?
Localized jet sprayed into the air by the rapid formation and expansion of gas bubbles.
What are GLOFs?
Glacial lake outburst floods- a glacial lake outbursts which causes a flood.
What are displacement waves?
Displacement waves is a sudden input of material into the lake.
What is a moraine?
Accumulation of rock and sediment transported by a glacier
What is the third pole?
Third largest reserve of freshwater outside of the polar region.
What is a freshnet (flooding)?
Flooding caused by snow melt.
What is riverine flooding?
flooding from the channel into dry land
What is porosity?
% of empty space in material
What is calving?
Ice splitting
What does a rating curve do?
Shows the logarithmic relationship between discharge and stage height.
What does the flood hydrograph reveal?
reveals basin lag time
What is the natural service function?
Benefits of flooding to the ecosystem (rejuvenates soil, cleans up habitats)
What is the floodplain?
Overflow of water from a channel onto normally dry land.
What is a stage?
River height
What is flood hydrograph?
Records stream’s changing discharge on relation to time and precipitation.
What are primary and secondary flooding hazards?
Primary- direct cause
Building and infrastructure damages
Flooding
Secondary- causes because of primary
pollution
disease
What is a tertiary hazard and what are some examples?
Long-term changes
loss of income
mental and physical health
What is a Coriolis effect?
air moves towards low pressure center
What is a reverse storm surge?
Storm surge travelling in the opposite direction.
What are hazards of hurricanes?
Heavy rainfall
Tornados
Storm surge
What is rapid intensification?
Wind speed increase to 56 mph or over in less than 24 hours.
What are cold waves?
period of unusual temperature
