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NUR-250 > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Antimycotics

A

Treats infection caused by fungus

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2
Q

Laxatives

A

Treatment of constipation; increases bowel movement

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3
Q

Antihistamines

A

Upper respiratory infection or rhinovirus (common cold); compete with histamine for receptor sites and prevent excess secretion with drying effect

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4
Q

Antacids

A

Neutralize gastric acid; increase pH, relieve heartburn, and gastric pain; Ex: aluminum, magnesium, calcium

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5
Q

Antineoplastics

A

Fight neoplasm/cancer, disrupt cell function/division at different points

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6
Q

Cholinergics

A

Rest and digest; mimic PNS; block acetylcholinease

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7
Q

Adrenergics

A

Stimulate the SNS and its functions

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8
Q

Antitussives

A

Suppress coughing; treat persistent/exhausting cough that interrupts ADLs or sleep

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9
Q

Antiarrhythmias

A

Treat heart disease with potential for abnormal beats; decrease automaticity, reentry phenomena, and conduction

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10
Q

Hypnotics

A

Produce sleep/unawareness; CNS depressant; given in high doses

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11
Q

Thyroid agents

A

Control metabolism; increase metabolism

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12
Q

Analgesics

A

Relieve pain without loss of consciousness; 3 types (opioids, non-opioids, narcotics)

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13
Q

Tocolytics

A

Uterine relaxants; stop preterm labor (20-30 weeks gestation)

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14
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Oppose acetylcholine at receptor sites in brain

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15
Q

NSAIDs

A

Anti-inflammatory drug; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking Cox 1 & 2

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16
Q

Antipyretics

A

Reduce fever temperature

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17
Q

Diuretics

A

Increase urine formation, decrease sodium and water retention; first line of treatment for CHF

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18
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

Inhibit monoamine oxidase; prevent breakdown of norepinephrine and serotonin to treat major depression

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19
Q

Antihypertensives

A

Lower BP (hypertension)

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20
Q

Antiepileptics

A

Control/prevent seizures; manage tonic-clonic seizures

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21
Q

Antianginal agents

A

Prevent/treat angina; reduce myocardial O2 demand

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22
Q

Psychotherapeutics

A

Treatment of mental/emotional disorders

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23
Q

Lipid lowering agents

A

Decrease high blood levels of lipids; prevent atherosclerotic plaque

24
Q

Antibiotics

A

Anti-infectives that act on foreign organisms that have infected/invaded the host; selective toxicity

25
Q

Positive inotropic agents

A

Increase force of contraction; used as an adjunct with ACE, ARBs, and BB to treat a failing heart

26
Q

Nursing Assessments for Narcotics

A
  1. pain scale (0-10)
  2. VS before administration
  3. monitor I & O (d/t urine retention)
  4. Hold if RR <12 breaths/min
  5. May need an order for anti-emetics
27
Q

Treatment of narcotic overdose

A
  1. opioid overdose triad–coma, respiratory depression, dialted pupils
  2. give Narcan
28
Q

Patient Teaching: Synthroid

A
  1. VS increase as BMR increases
  2. weight loss
  3. increased energy
  4. S/Sx of hypothyroidism disappear
  5. Life-long replacement
  6. PO every morning (6 AM) diurinal effect
  7. OK with pregnancy
  8. do NOT give during lactation
29
Q

Nursing Assessment: Synthroid

A
  1. Monitor cardiac effects
  2. Periodic blood tests–measure thyroid function (T3 & T4) & TSH
  3. Take early in AM on empty stomach
  4. Avoid antacids, iron, calcium products for up to 2-4 hours after taking Synthroid
  5. Watch dosage forms –> mg vs. mcg
30
Q

Patient Teaching: Thrombolytic Drugs

A
  1. Contraindicated: anyone with active internal bleeding, CVA (past 2 months), intracranial or spinal surgery, uncontrolled severe HTN
  2. Goal: restore blood flow to the heart delay –> necrosis/infarction
  3. No ASA
  4. Avoid punctures for 24 hours
31
Q

Nursing Assessment: Thrombolytic Drugs

A
  1. Monitor closely for bleeding–check coagulation blood work before and 4 hours after administration (will dissolve any and all clots)
  2. Antidote for severe bleed–Amicar
  3. Given IVP
  4. Assess for chest pain improvement–when chest pain diminishes it can be a sign of reperfusion of the coronary arteries; may see dysrhythmias d/t reperfusion.
  5. Major concern: cerebral edema–assess LOC and neuro checks frequently
32
Q

Side Effects of Thrombolytic Drugs

A

hemorrhage and cardiac arrhythmias

33
Q

Side Effects of Antihistamines

A
  1. Major SE is sleep
  2. Dry mouth, urine retention, and constipation
  3. blurred vision, vertigo
34
Q

Patient Teaching: Antihistamines

A
  1. Avoid driving or operating heavy equipment d/t sedation effect.
  2. Never given to a patient with hx of asthma
  3. Do not use alcohol or other CNS depressants while on these drugs
35
Q

Purpose of Cardiotonics (Positive Inotropic)

A
  1. Increase the force of contraction. This will increase the ejection fraction (increase stroke volume & increase cardiac output).
  2. Slow the heart rate by decreasing electrical conduction. It prolongs the refractory period. Cardiac muscle is resting: Na+ and K+ cells are readjusting. SA node is unresponsive to an electrical signal.
  3. Slow the electrical impulse conduction through the SA node. Works in the atria.
36
Q

Side Effects of Cardiotonics

A

cardiac and neurologic

37
Q

Nursing Assessment: Cardiotonics

A
  1. HR (hold if 120 beats per minute)

2. Monitor I&O

38
Q

Nursing Evaluation: Cardiotonics

A
  1. Normal CO
  2. Increased urine output
  3. decrease edema/fatigue/dyspnea
  4. clear lungs
39
Q

Therapeutic Uses: Bronchodilators

A

COPD, asthma, and airway obstruction

40
Q

Side Effects of Beta-Agonists

A
  1. anxiety
  2. restlessness/insomnia
  3. palpitations/HTN/hypotension
41
Q

Nursing Assessment: Beta-Agonists

A
  1. Assess respiratory status

2. Monitor cardiac status

42
Q

Patient Teaching: Beta-Agonists

A

Inhaled forms need to be administered after the patient has exhaled. As they inhale deeply to the count of 5 with head tipped backward to produce maximal opening of the airway. They should hold their breath for 10 seconds and then exhale. Wait 1-2 minutes between puffs (of the same drug).

43
Q

Side Effects of Anticholinergics

A

dry mouth and headache

44
Q

Patient Teaching: Anticholinergics

A

Don’t give if allergic to peanuts, legumes, soy-beans

45
Q

Side Effects of Xanthine Derivatives

A
  1. CNS stimulation–tremors, nervousness, insomnia
  2. Cardiac–tachycardia, angina, HTN, palpitations
  3. GI–1st sign of toxicity is N/V and anorexia
46
Q

Patient Teaching: Xanthine Derivatives

A
  1. Be compliant
  2. Do not chew or alter dosage form
  3. Take with food to avoid GI affect
  4. Avoid smoking–increases metabolism of these drugs
  5. Food interactions–charcoal grilling, increased protein, decreased carbohydrate diet to reduce serum concentration of Xanthine drugs
  6. Avoid foods or beverages that contain caffeine
47
Q

Side Effects of Coumadin

A
  1. Mild to severe bleeding

2. Hemorrhage–more of a problem with oral anticoagulants than the injectable drugs

48
Q

Patient Teaching: Coumadin

A
  1. Contraindications–pregnancy, hemorrhage disorders (hemophilia), recent CNS surgery, current bleeding–GI and GU, hx of CVA, never give with ASA, alcohol, or Pepto Bismol
  2. avoid green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, fish, liver, cheese, eggs, red meat, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, asparagus, onions, and green tea.
  3. Avoid medications containing aspirin.
  4. Avoid activities with a high injury risk.
  5. Wear medical-alert jewelry
  6. Temporary alopecia may occur
  7. Bleeding precautions–soft toothbrush, electric razor, avoid flossing, provide prolonged pressure at needle or catheter site
  8. Don’t smoke
  9. Green tea, ginkgo, ginger, and chamomile increase bleeding risk.
49
Q

Administration of Coumadin

A
  1. Typical dose is 5 mg/day
  2. Prophylaxis & treatment of venous clots (thrombosis), prosthetic heart valve, atrial fibrillation
  3. Steady state occurs within 72 hours
50
Q

Nursing Assessment: Coumadin

A
  1. Monitor INR–2-3.5 is considered therapeutic (w/o drug therapy INR is 1)
  2. Monitor closely for signs of hemorrhage–hematuria, epistaxis, ecchymosis, tarry stools, bleeding gums
  3. If bleeding occurs, give the antidote for hemorrhage–Vitamin K.
  4. Assess pt for thrombophlebitis (blood clot in vessel that is inflamed) –> calf pain on dorsiflexion (Positive Homan’s Sign), tenderness, and redness
  5. Call physician STAT for signs of pulmonary emboli (blood clot to lung)–shortness of breath, chest pain and tachypnea
51
Q

Purpose of Iron Drugs

A

Prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia

52
Q

Drug Interactions of Iron Drugs

A
  1. Antibiotics and antacids decrease the absorption of iron

2. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) increases the absorption of iron

53
Q

Side Effects of Iron Drugs

A
  1. GI upset–anorexia, N/V, constipation
  2. Dark, tarry stools (sticky) green or black color
  3. Potential for staining teeth and skin with administration
  4. Iron poisoning in children–vomiting, bloody diarrhea, cyanosis, gastric/intestinal pain
  5. pain/soreness if given IM
54
Q

Nursing Assessment: Iron drugs

A
  1. Identify S/Sx of anemia–fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, glossitis and pallor
  2. Monitor serum iron levels with CBC for evaluation of effect
55
Q

Administration of Iron drugs

A
  1. Don’t take with coffee, tea, eggs, and milk
  2. Give between meals
  3. Use a straw for liquid route
  4. To prevent constipation, increase fluids –> drink 2 L/day
  5. Avoid the supine position for 30 minutes after swallowing to avoid esophageal erosion
  6. Take with Vitamin C to increase absorption
56
Q

Side Effects of Epogen

A

increased BP, seizures, antibodies to Epogen, blood clots

NUR-250 (3 decks)

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