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Anatomy and Physiology CELLS > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

These are the building blocks of the human body

A

Cells

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2
Q

These are examples of tissues

A

Loose connective and Adipose tissues

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3
Q

The skin is critical in:

A

Maintaining salt balance, water balance, and temp regulation. Converting a compound to Vitamin D when exposed to the sun

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4
Q

These are components of the skin

A

Hair and Nails

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5
Q

Joints that are movable: the knees, shoulders, elbows

A

Synovial

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6
Q

These are the two filaments of a muscle

A

Myosin and Actin

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7
Q

These are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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8
Q

A large bundle of Axons

A

Nerve

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9
Q

This part of the nervous system deals with the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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10
Q

The black spot, or opening in the center of the circular muscles of the iris

A

Pupil

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11
Q

These are the functions of the ear

A

Hearing and Equillibrium(or balance)

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12
Q

These are some of the functions of the Endocrine system

A

Regulate growth, reproduction, use of nutrients by the cells. It also helps us respond to stress

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13
Q

Hormone secretion is typically regulated by..

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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14
Q

The period of contraction in which blood is forced out of the heart

A

Systole

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15
Q

This filters out foreign material while the mucus membrane warms and moistens the air when we breathe air in through our nose

A

Cilia

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16
Q

This is also called the voice box

A

larynx

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17
Q

During inhalation, the air will pass through the pharynx, larynx and upper windpipe to lead into the bronchi which divide into the left and the right

A

Pharynx -> larynx -> upper windpipe

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18
Q

The bronchioles reach deep into either lung

A

true

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19
Q

This is where the gas exchange in the lungs take place

A

Alveoli

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20
Q

The respiratory disease characterized by loss of elasticity of the alveoli

A

Emphysema

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21
Q

A lung disease characterized by dyspnea, wheezing and shortness of breath caused by an allergen

A

Asthma

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22
Q

The thick muscle that aids in respiration and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

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23
Q

These are the three divisions of the throat

A

Oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx

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24
Q

An agent that causes the airways to expand to ease breathing difficulties

A

Bronchodilator

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25
Ingested food undergoes these two digestions
Mechanical and Chemical
26
what order does the food go through passing the digestive system
mouth->pharynx-> esophagus-> stomach -> small int-> large intestine
27
Muscle contraction and assists in moving food through the digestive
Peristalsis
28
has Salivary amylase that begins mechanical digestion
Saliva
29
has mucous secretion that lubricates the mouth; kills bacteria and helps tongue convert food into semisolid masses called BOLUSES
Saliva
30
Another name for the throat
Pharynx
31
Soupy mixture a result of food digestion in the small intestine
Chyme
32
Three components of the small intestine in sequence
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum D.j.i
33
State the functions of the liver
1. produce and secrete bile 2. store iron and vitamins 3. metabolism of protein 4. detoxify alcohol and drugs
34
State the functions of the large intestine
1. Eliminate waste 2. Absorb sodium and water 3. incubate microbes
35
Condition where the pancreas becomes ingested by its own enzymes
Acute pancreatitis
36
State the function of the Urinary system
Regulate volume and composition of body fluids
37
These are the principal metabolic by-products
1. Water 2. Carbon dioxide 3. nitrogenous wastes
38
The functional units of the kidneys
Nephrons
39
The three steps to urine formation
Filtration reabsorption secretion
40
The inability to hold urine in the bladder
Urinary incontinence
41
Formed in the liver from the breakdown of simple sugars
Urea
42
The tubes extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureters
43
When fluid output is greater than the input
dehydration
44
These do NOT contribute to water loss
1. In feces 2. through skin 3. through lungs 4. excretion by kidneys
45
How is fluid homeostasis adjusted
1. Adjusting the salt and water content of urine 2. excrete metabolic wastes 3. regulate electrolyte concentration 4. regulate pH levels of blood and body fluids
46
The retention of excess amounts of tissue fluids
Edema
47
The first ever menstrual period of a young woman
Menarche
48
When does ovulation typically occur
14 days before the start of the next cycle
49
During menstruation the thickened endometrium sloughs off
True
50
The point in a woman's life where she is no longer fertile, when Ova is no longer produced. Hot flashes occur and usually begins at 50 years of age
Menopause
51
How long does a typical menstrual cycle usually lasts
28 days
52
List the important functions of the circulatory system
1. Transport nutrients, oxygen, CO2, wastes and hormones 2. maintain body temperature 3. fluid balance 4. Protect the body against pathogens
53
This is the body defense against diseases
White blood cells
54
These are cells that play an important role in clotting
Platelets
55
Deficiency in hemoglobin
Anemia or hemoglobinemia
56
Type of blood that is a universal donor
Type O
57
The function of Neutrophils (type of WBC)
Phagocytosis(ingesting bacteria)
58
An abnormal heart sound
Murmur
59
This slows down the heart rate
parasympathetic nerves
60
This speeds the heart rate
Sympathetic nerves
61
A major blood vessel that carries blood BACK to the heart
Vena Cava (is a vein)
62
Carry blood AWAY from the heart
Arteries
63
A decrease in blood flow = decrease in BP
true
64
Increase in resistance of arteries to blood flow = increase BP
True
65
The specialized receptors in the heart wall that are sensitive to changes in BP
Baroreceptors
66
This is a type of Lymph tissue
Tonsils
67
The largest lymphatic organ in the body
Spleen
68
This is where the oxygen - CO2 exchange occurs
Capillaries
69
Receptors in the heart that is sensitive to change in BP
Baroreceptors
70
The ___ in our nose filter material when we breathe in
Cilia
71
this membrane warms and moistens the air
Mucous membrane
72
Loss of elasticity in the alveoli
Emphysema
73
Agent causing airways to expand
Bronchodilator
74
Voicebox
Larynx
75
Muscle that aids in respiration; separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
Diaphragm
76
Three parts of the throat
1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx

Anatomy and Physiology CELLS (6 decks)

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