Final Exam Review (Chp 1-9) Part 2

Question 1

specification of energy and probability density of an electron at any point in an atom or molecule

Answer 1

orbitals

Question 2

state in which the energy of a physical system is well defines by quantum mechanics

Answer 2

energy-level

Question 3

applies to any quantized property of a particle

Answer 3

ground state

Question 4

process through which one substance permeates another

Answer 4

absorption

Question 5

an atom, ion, or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state

Answer 5

excitation state

Question 6

pattern of lines formed when light passes through a prism to separate it into the dfferent frequencies of light it contains

Answer 6

emission

Question 7

when sufficiently energetic charged particles or radiant energy travel through gases, liquids, or solids

Answer 7

ionization (electron leaves atom)

Question 8

size of atom determines by size of all the orbitals

Answer 8

atomic radius

Question 9

measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Answer 9

electronegativity

Question 10

what does the law of conservation of mass help us do

Answer 10

write balanced equations

Question 11

What does Hess’s law help us find?

Answer 11

standard enthalpy of reaction and standard enthalpy of formation

Question 12

group of two or more atoms that form the smallest unit of a pure substance

Answer 12

molecule

Question 13

compound formed by ions bonding together through electrostatic forces

Answer 13

ionic compound

Question 14

pattern formed by the points and used to represent the positions of these repeating structural elements

Answer 14

crystal lattice

Question 15

measure of strength of ionic bonds in ionic compound

Answer 15

lattice energy

Question 16

compound in which the atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

Answer 16

covalent compound

Question 17

bond that involves sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Answer 17

covalent bond

Question 18

when electrons are equally shared

Answer 18

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 19

what does the law of multiple proportions state

Answer 19

when two elements form more than one compound, the ratio of the different masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are a ratio of small whole numbers

Question 20

one or more forms of a chemical element that occur in the same physical state

Answer 20

allotrope

Question 21

molecules that share a chemical formula but not the same structure or orientation in space

Answer 21

isomers

Question 22

way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by a single lewis formula

Answer 22

resonance structure

Question 23

ionic compounds are formed between

Answer 23

any combo of cation and anion

Question 24

CH4-

Answer 24

methane, natural gas

Question 25

H2O

Answer 25

hydrogen monoxide, water

Question 26

NH3

Answer 26

nitrogen trihydride, ammonia

Question 27

CO2

Answer 27

carbon dioxide, dry ice when solid

Question 28

NaHCO3

Answer 28

Sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate

Question 29

NaCl

Answer 29

sodium chloride, salt

Question 30

CaCO3

Answer 30

calcium carbonate, limestone/chalk/quartz

Question 31

C6H6

Answer 31

Benzene

Question 32

O3

Answer 32

ozone

Question 33

C6H12

Answer 33

cyclohexane

Question 34

C10H8

Answer 34

Naphthalene

Question 35

CH3CO2H

Answer 35

acetic acid

Question 36

Mg(OH)2

Answer 36

milk of magnesia

Question 37

MgSO4 x 7H2O

Answer 37

Epsom salt

Question 38

Fe2O3 x H20

Answer 38

Rust

Question 39

N2O

Answer 39

Laughing gas, dinitrogen monoxide

Question 40

C6H12O6

Answer 40

Glucose

Question 41

C12H22O11

Answer 41

Table sugar

Question 42

H2O2

Answer 42

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 43

CH2O

Answer 43

Formaldehyde

Question 44

reactant that is entirely used up in a reaction

Answer 44

limiting reagent

Question 45

substance that is not fully consumed or entirely reacted in a chemical reaction

Answer 45

excess reactant

Question 46

amount of product that is formed when the limiting reactant is fully consumed in a reaction

Answer 46

theoretical yield

Question 47

dividing actual yield by theoretical yield x 100%

Answer 47

percent yield