Final exam review (?'s from quizzes and past tests)

Question 1

What muscle would be most involved in raising the horse’s head and neck?

Answer 1

Splenius

Question 2

The ossification of the lateral cartilages

Answer 2

sidebone

Question 3

A bony growth at the joints of either the long and short pastern bones (high) or the short pastern bone and the coffin bone (low)

Answer 3

ringbone

Question 4

The drug Lasix can help with what condition? (hint- this drug increases urination, which would be helpful because it decreases the blood volume and therefore can decrease pressure in the vessels)

Answer 4

EIPH (Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage)

Question 5

Examples of flexor tendons

Answer 5

deep digital and superficial digital flexor tendon

Question 6

Which system is most involved in temperature regulation in the horse?

Answer 6

skin and coat

Question 7

tendons attach

Answer 7

muscle to bone

Question 8

What is the name of the specialized reflective structure at the back of the horse’s eye that allows them to have excellent night vision?

Answer 8

Tapetum lucidum

Question 9

The vertebrae of the horse’s neck which are specialized to allow for increased movement are called the:

Answer 9

Cervical vertebrae

Question 10

When the nutrients pass into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 10

absorption

Question 11

Breakdown of feed into smaller particles

Answer 11

digestion

Question 12

What is the most important feedstuff in your horse’s diet

Answer 12

forage

Question 13

What mineral is required for normal thyroid function

Answer 13

Iodine

Question 14

Feeding a straight legume hay would be most suitable for what type of horse?

Answer 14

lactating mare (needs more protein and Ca)

Question 15

Polysaccharide storage myopathy is a condition where

Answer 15

the glycogen in the muscle is abnormal

Question 16

Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism of what?

Answer 16

carbohydrates

Question 17

Becoming more responsive to a stimulus as a result of experience

Answer 17

Sensitization

Question 18

When should imprint training be performed?

Answer 18

During the first 48-96 hours of life

Question 19

Effective ways to prevent horses from developing stereotypies

Answer 19

Oral enrichment
Increase turn-out time
Allow social interaction with other horses

Question 20

When an established behavior occurs in response to a new stimulus

Answer 20

Classical conditioning

Question 21

Horses are prey animals and therefore are

Answer 21

Flight animals (flee when they face danger)

Question 22

Advantages to bands in wild horses

Answer 22

Protection of food sources
Genetic diversity
Protection from predators

Question 23

What situation is most likely to cause a horse to tear while being handled or ridden by a human?

Answer 23

When the horse feels cornered or trapped

Question 24

An example of negative reinforcement

Answer 24

Using a rump rope to teach a horse to lead (rope applies pressure to hind quarters when the horse is not leading/following along)

Question 25

Under North Carolina law, an equine professional is not liable for the death of a participant in equine activities resulting exclusively from the inherent risks of equine activities T/F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What's important for a boarding contract? (4 things)

Answer 26

barn rules/ health requirements (Negative coggins) cost of board per month emergency contact info Insurance info/ liability

Question 27

Approximately how many pounds of waste (manure, urine, bedding) do horses produce in a day?

Answer 27

100 lbs

Question 28

Methods to weaning a foal (5)

Answer 28

cold turkey (sudden removal of mare from foal) physical separation time separation (remove mare for a few hours at a time with increasing lengths) single remover (remove one mare at a time) babysitter (removing mare from foal and replacing with babysitter)

Question 29

How tall should horse fences be? (at least)

Answer 29

4' 8''

Question 30

What is the normal time to wean a horse at a breeding facility?

Answer 30

4-8 months

Question 31

Approximately how much manure does a 1000 lb horse produce per day?

Answer 31

50 lbs

Question 32

Approximately how much urine does a 1000 lb horse produce per day

Answer 32

6 to 10 lbs

Question 33

Costs that change periodically based on circumstances are called

Answer 33

variable costs

Question 34

A horse with a club foot has

Answer 34

Short upright hoof and pastern angles

Question 35

What is the term used to describe when the lower jaw is juts out farther than the upper jaw?

Answer 35

monkey mouth

Question 36

the term used in class to describe when the rear foot strikes the front foot on the same side of the body, and is also called over-reaching

Answer 36

forging or over-reaching

Question 37

What is the footfall order of a right lead canter?

Answer 37

Left hind, Right hind and Left front together, Right front

Question 38

the distance between imprints of the two front feet (or two hind feet)

Answer 38

steps

Question 39

What should the shoulder angle be? (angle to the ground or horizon)

Answer 39

45

Question 40

An Arabian breed of horse most likely has which of the following hindquarter conformations?

Answer 40

level croup

Question 41

A horse with too much angle to its hock is said to be:

Answer 41

sickle hocked

Question 42

Cannons fail to come from the center of the knees (front view)

Answer 42

bench knees

Question 43

Horse stands with point of hocks turned inward, base wide and splay footed (back view)

Answer 43

cow hocked

Question 44

What movement fault would most likely occur in pacers

Answer 44

cross firing

Question 45

What is the approximate stride of a 16 hh horse at the canter (used when designing jumping courses)?

Answer 45

12 ft

Question 46

What is another phrase to describe a horse that is buck kneed in front? (side view)

Answer 46

over at the knee

Question 47

What is the term used to describe when the upper jaw is juts out farther than the lower jaw?

Answer 47

parrot mouth

Question 48

If a mare has the genotype Ee and the sire has the genotype EE, what is the percentage chance that a foal would be EE?

Answer 48

50%

Question 49

How many chromosome pairs do horses have?

Answer 49

32

Question 50

If two palominos are bred, what are the chances of getting a cremello?

Answer 50

25%

Question 51

If you breed a horse that displays mild signs of HYPP to a horse with no signs, what is the chance you'd have a foal that could show mild signs of HYPP?

Answer 51

50%

Question 52

If you breed a cremello and a chestnut, what are the chances of getting a palomino foal?

Answer 52

100%

Question 53

The recipient mare for embryo transfer should be high quality because her genetic material is also passed to the foal T/F

Answer 53

False; the recipient mare's genetic material is not passed to the foal

Question 54

Which disease results in no immunity for a foal?

Answer 54

CID (combined immunodeficiency disorder)

Question 55

The allele "G" when dominant produces what color of horse?

Answer 55

gray

Question 56

``` Which of the following traits would have the highest heritability? Select one: Height Fertility Trotting earnings Conformation ```

Answer 56

Height

Question 57

If you breed 2 cremellos, what are the chances you'd get a palomino?

Answer 57

0%

Question 58

the structure that forms inside the uterus that the fetus develops in, that must be expelled during the 3rd stage of parturition.

Answer 58

placenta

Question 59

Give an example of an accessory sex gland of the stallion

Answer 59

cowper's gland

Question 60

What is the term used to describe when a horse is "in heat"

Answer 60

estrus

Question 61

What is it called when one testicle does not descend and remains inside the body?

Answer 61

ridgling or cryptorchid

Question 62

Appaloosas must have what three traits?

Answer 62

mottled skin sclera of eye visible striped hooves

Question 63

Origin of Lipizzaner breed

Answer 63

Spain

Question 64

Origin of Dutch Warmblood breed

Answer 64

Netherlands

Question 65

Origin of Morgan breed

Answer 65

U.S.A

Question 66

Origin of Thoroughbred breed

Answer 66

England

Question 67

Origin of Clydesdale

Answer 67

Scotland

Question 68

A pale cream or light tan body color, slightly darker mane with a reddish tinge and having blue eyes

Answer 68

Perlino

Question 69

What breed can both pace and trot

Answer 69

Standardbred

Question 70

Foundation sires of thoroughbreds

Answer 70

Darley Arabian, Godolphin Arabian, Byerly Turk

Question 71

What are the key extensor tendons?

Answer 71

common digital and lateral digital extensor tendons

Question 72

How often should a horse get their teeth "floated"

Answer 72

1 to 2 years