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Pathology > Final Exam - Skin > Flashcards

Final Exam - Skin Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Scale…

A

keratinized skin cells
Causes: keratinization disorder and chronic dermatitis
PP: inflamm./repair & disorder of growth

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2
Q

Crusts…

A

dried exudate, serum, blood and scale adhered to skin surface
Causes: pustular dermatitis, keratinization disorder, secondary to ulcers
PP: degeneration and necrosis and inflamm./repair

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3
Q

Epidermal Collarette..

A

circular rim of scale occurring secondary to rupture of a vesicle, papule or pustule

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4
Q

When you see Epidermal Collarette, THINK…

A

ruptured pustules!

  1. Dermatophytosis - “Ringworm”
  2. Demodex - Demodicosis
  3. Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
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5
Q

Ulcer..

A

loss of epidermis, basement membrane and exposure of dermis
Causes: secondary to - epidermal necrosis, inflammation, infarction, neoplasia
PP: autoimmune/viral, circulatory disorders, growth disorders, degeneration and necrosis, and inflamm./repair

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6
Q

Lichenification…

A

thickening/hardening of skin
“elephant skin”
Causes: chronic inflammation/irritation
PP: Inflamm./repair

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7
Q

Vesicle/Bulla…

A

elevation filled with clear fluid; palpable
Vesicle 1cm
Causes: autoimmune dermatoses, viral infs., chemical irritants, burns

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8
Q

Changes that lead to vesicle/bulla formation…

A

intercellular edema “spongiosis”
intracellular edema “hydropic degeneration”
disruption of intercellular junctions “acantholysis”

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9
Q

Sheep w/ Alopecia, Crusts, ulcers, Erythema and Edema….indicating disruption of the epidermis…what is the PP?

A

Degeneration/Necrosis
Inflamm/Repair

DDx: Photosensitization
Dermatophilus
Viral Infs. - bluetongue, pox (orf), vesicular disease (FMD, VS)

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10
Q

Pustule…

A

palpable elevation filled with pus
Causes: leukocyte infiltration
PP: inflamm/repair

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11
Q

Pathogensis of Photosensitization…

A

UV light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in skin –> free radical damage –> epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin

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12
Q

Plaque…

A

Elevated, firm flat lesion >1 cm in diameter (coalesced papules)

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13
Q

Papules/Nodules…

A

Elevated, firm, circumscribed mass within the dermis
papule 1 cm
Causes: infiltrate of inflammatory cells, neoplastic cells, epidermal hyperplasia, or mineral deposits
PP: inflamm, growth disorder or deposits/pigments

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14
Q

Most Degeneration/Necrosis skin lesions have these features…

A

epidermal necrosis/ulceration
bacterial infection
leukocyte infiltration

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15
Q

Type I/Primary photosensitization (Exogenous)

A

ingestion of preformed photodynamic substances…

Plants: St. John’s Wort, lucerne, perennial ryegrass

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16
Q

Type II Photosensitization (Intrinsic)

A

porphyria; inherited deficiency in proporphyrinogen III cosynthase –> defect in heme synthesis –> build up or porphyrins

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17
Q

TypeIII/Secondary Photosensitization (Hepatogenous)

A

poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin –> biliary obstruction from toxins
Ex: Lantana, steroidal saponins, sporodesmin, pyrrolizidine alkaloids: aflatoxin and phomopsin

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18
Q

Solar Injury

A

UV mediated endothelial damage and cytokine production

Acute UV light exposure –> “sunburn” –> erythema–> blisters/vesicles–> sloughing of necrotic skin

Solar/actinic keratosis –> yrs of UV light exposure –> epidermal hyperplasia and dermal fibrosis/elastosis

Direct DNA damage and subsequent mutations –> increase risk of neoplasia

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19
Q

1st Degree Burns

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A

superficial; epidermis; red/dark necrotic epidermis; complete healing

20
Q

2nd Degree Burns

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A

epidermis and dermis involved; blisters/vesicles form; adnexa preserved so some regeneration w/ scarring

21
Q

3rd Degree Burns

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A

epidermis, dermis and submits involved; sloughing; scarring; potentially life-threatening

22
Q

Cardinal signs of Inflammation…

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A

erythema, edema, pain/itch, heat, exudate

23
Q

MDx for Inflammatory Skin Lesions…

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A

“Blank Blank Dermatitis”

24
Q

Gross features of Early Dermatitis…

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A

erythema, edema, +/- pustules, crusts, vesicles

25
Gross features of Late Dermatitis...
alopecia, ulcers, scales, lichenification, pigmentary changes, fibrous/scarring
26
Impetigo...
superficial pustular dermatitis; nonfollicular pustules that develop into crusts; prepubescent puppies - healthy otherwise; in adults, look for an underlying disease
27
Intertrigo...
Skin Fold Pyoderma; Closely apposed skin --> Frictional trauma + Moisture --> Opportunistic bacterial infection Erythema; MDx: neutrophilic dermatitis Think English Bulldogs!
28
Pyotraumatic Dermatitis
"Hot Spots"; self trauma --> bacterial infection --> alopecic underlying pruritis usually from FAD; moist, alopecic, slightly raised red, well-circumscribed lesions --> ulcerating/crusting
29
Pyoderma...
pus/inflammation of the skin; usually accompanied by bacterial inf.
30
Alopecia..
absence of hair from a normally haired site
31
Superficial Pyoderma...
``` includes epidermis and hair follicles Ex: Greasy Pig Disease bacterial folliculitis Impetigo Dermatophilosis ```
32
Deep Pyoderma...
deep dermis Ex: bacterial furunculosis abscess "Dog with Chin acne"
33
Greasy Pig Disease - Staphylococcus hyicus...
Exudative epidermatitis; erythema --> pustules --> crusts | Predisposing Factors: Skanky environment, lacerations, poor nutrition/husbandry
34
Dermatophilus congolensis causes "Rain Rot" in Horses or "Lumpy Wool" in Sheep. What are the Predisposing Factors? Path./Lesions?
Dermatophilosis along the back (where animals get rained on); colonizes skin surfaces --> zoospores proliferate and penetrate epidermis --> stimulate neutrophil exocytosis --> pustules --> exudate --> matting of hair/wool --> alopecia Predisposing Factors: wet/humid weather
35
Demodicosis...
Causative agent: Demodex spp. folliculitis, erythematous macules, ring-shaped alopecia, scaling Indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma Localized - face and forelimbs Generalized - linked to immunosuppression, neoplasia, and endocrinopathy
36
Dermatophytosis...
Causative agents: Keratinophillic fungi Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton spp.) - colonize keratin Folliculitis, erythematous macules, ring-shaped alopecia, scaling Indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma Directly contagious - direct contact with infected scales; No Predisposing Factors needed; common in: immunocompromised or young animals in hot/humid environments
37
Acantholysis...
loss of cohesion between keratinocytes; viral vesicle formation Seen w/ pemphigus diseases and superficial bacterial infections
38
Pemphigus foliaceus...
Auto-immune diseases involving Type II Hypersensitivity against cell adhesion proteins (desmosomes) Most common, milder form in Horse, Dog, Cat, and Goat CS: vesicles, pustules, crusts and ulcers - often involves: face, ears, footpads, clawbeds - aberrant/spontaneous, drug-induced or associated with allergic skin disease -subcorneal vesicle formation; common in dogs with acantholytic keratinocytes w/ eosinophils and few neutrophils
39
Sheep with early papular to vesicular scabs/crusts and later crusty exudative lesions...
ORF - contagious exanthema MDx: papular/vesicular dermatitis/cheilitis ZOONOTIC
40
Pox Viruses...
Proliferative; epidermal hyperplasia; Cause: cutaneous lesions; proliferative dermatitis macule -> papule -> vesicle/bulla -> umbilicated pustule -> crust -> scar
41
In backyard livestock, you see anorexia, ptyalism (hyper salivation), lameness, ulcerations and look around and find vesicles. What are the PP? Lesions? MDx? DDx?
PP: Inflammatory or Degeneration and Necrosis Lesions: Ulcers...but you look around and also see Vesicles/Bulla MDx: Vesicular Dermatitis DDx: Viral Vesicular Diseases, Early Herpesvirus, Early Poxvirus
42
What are the Vesicular Diseases and who do they infect?
Foot and Mouth (FM) - everyone but horses Vesicular stomatitis (VS) - everyone Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) - pig, fish, marine mammals Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) - swine only
43
The only way to distinguish between the Vesicular Diseases is through...
lab testing
44
Herpesvirus can cause...
Cutaneous vesicles...Vesicular Dermatitis
45
Vesiculo-ulcerative dermatitis in cattle due to BHV-2 is called...
Pseudo-lumpy Skin Disease
46
T/F - BHV-2 can also cause vesiculo-ulcerative mammilitis in cattle.
True
47
Panniculitis...
inflammation of adipose

Pathology (14 decks)

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