Final exam study guide Flashcards
1
Q
Amoxicillin
A
Amoxil
2
Q
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
A
Augmentin
3
Q
Ampicillin/sulbactam
A
unasyn
4
Q
Piperacillin/tazobactam
A
Zosyn
5
Q
cefazolin
A
Ancef
6
Q
Cephalexin
A
Keflex
7
Q
Cefuroxime
A
Ceftin
8
Q
Ceftriaxone
A
Rocephin
9
Q
Ceftazidime
A
Fortaz
10
Q
Cefepime
A
Maxipime
11
Q
Ceftaroline
A
Teflaro
12
Q
Meropenem
A
Merrem
13
Q
Ertapenem
A
Invanz
14
Q
Imipenem
A
Primaxin
15
Q
Aztreonam
A
Azactam
16
Q
Vancomycin
A
Vancocin
17
Q
Daptomycin
A
Cubicin
18
Q
Linezolid
A
Zyvox
19
Q
Dalbavancin
A
Dalvance
20
Q
Azithromycin
A
Zithromax
21
Q
Ciprofloxacin
A
Cipro
22
Q
Levofloxacin
A
Levaquin
23
Q
Metronidazole
A
Flagyl
24
Q
Clindamycin
A
Cleocin
25
TMP/SMX
Bactrim
26
Nitrofurantoin
Macrobid
27
Amoxicillin Drug class
BL;amino-PCN
28
amoxicillin/clavulanate drug class
BL; amino-PCN/B-lactamase inhibitor
29
Piperacillin/tazobactam drug class
BL; PCN/ B-lactamase inhibitor
30
Cefazolin drug class
BL; 1st generation cephalosporin
31
Cephalexin drug class
BL; 1st generation cephalosporin
32
Cefuroxime drug class
BL; 2nd generation cephalosporin
33
Ceftriaxone drug class
BL; 3rd generation cephalosporin
34
Ceftazidime drug class
BL; 3rd generation cephalosporin
35
Cefepime drug class
BL; 4th generation cephalosporin
36
Ceftaroline drug class
BL; 5th generation cephalosporin
37
Meropenem drug class
Carbapenem
38
Ertapenem drug class
Carbapenem
39
Imipenem drug class
carbapenem
40
Aztreonam drug class
Monobactam
41
Vancomycin drug class
Glycopeptide
42
Daptomycin drug class
Lipopeptide
43
Linezolid drug class
Oxazolidinoe
44
Dalbavancin drug class
Lipoglycopeptides
45
Azithromycin drug class
Macrolide
46
Ciprofloxacin drug class
Fluoroquinolone
47
Levofloxcin drug class
Fluoroquinolone
48
Metronidazole drug class
Antianaerobic
49
TMP/SMX drug class
Sulfonamide
50
What are the moderate-to-high risk organisms producing AmpC b-lactamase?
H: Hafnia alvei
E: Enterobacter cloacae
C: Citrobacter Freundii
K: Klebsiella aerogenes
Y: Yersinia enterocolitica
51
What is the DOC for ESBL-producing gram-negative rod bacteria?
Carbapenems
52
Gram stain morphology of Escherichia coli
GNR, lactose fermenting, oxidase negative
53
Gram stain morphology of Klebsiella
GNR, lactose fermenting, oxidase negative
54
Enterobacter Gram stain morphology
GNR, lactose fermenting, oxidase negative
55
Proteus sp. Gram stain morphology
GNR, non-lactose fermenting, oxidase negative
56
Neisseria meningitidis Gram stain morphology
Gram negative diplococci
57
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram stain morphology
Gram negative diplococci
57
Haemophilus influenzae gram stain morphology
Gram negative coccobacilli
58
Moraxella catarrhalis gram stain morphology
Gram negative coccobacilli
59
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram stain morphology
Non-lactose fermenter, oxidase positive, GNR
60
Acinetobacter baumannii gram stain morphology
GNR, non-lactose fermenter, oxidase negative
61
C. difficile gram stain morphology
Spore forming, GNR anaerobe
62
Bacteroides fragilis gram stain morphology
GNR anaerobe
63
Escherichia coli habitat
GI tract
64
Klebsiella sp. habitat
GI tract; can colonize in nasopharynx
65
Enterobacter habitat
GI tract
66
Neisseria menigitidis habitat
respiratory tract
67
Neisseria gonorrhoeae habitat
Genitourinary tract
68
Haemophiles influenzae habitat
respiratory tractm
69
moraxella catarrhalis habitat
respiratory tract
70
Pseudomonas aerugunosa habitat
skin, upper respiratory tract, colon; moist surface
71
Acinetobacter fragilis habitat
skin, wounds, respiratory and GI tract
72
C. Difficile habitat
GI
73
Bacteroides fragilis habitat
GI, especially colon
74
Atypical habitat
Respiratory tract
75
What are the atypical bacteria?
Legionella spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae
76
Primary treatment for Escherichia coli
Nitrofurantoin (only for cystitis)
1-3rd gen cephalosporins
FQ- cipro and levaquin
Bactrim
More resistant: cefepime, zosyn
ESBL-producing strains: carbapenems
77
Klebsiella sp. primary treatment
Nitrofurantoin (only for cystitis)
1-3rd gen cephalosporins
FQ- cipro and levaquin
Bactrim
More resistant: cefepime, zosyn
ESBL-producing strains: carbapenems
78
Primary treatment for Enterobacter sp.
2nd-3rd gen cephalosporins
FD: cipro and levaquin
AmpC producing strains: cefepime or carbapenems
79
Primary treatment for proteus sp.
1st-3rd gen cephalosporins
FQ: cipro and levaquin
Bactrim
80
Primary treatment for Neisseria meningitidis
Ceftriaxone
sometimes penicillin G
81
Neisseria gonorrhoeae primary treatment
Ceftriaxone
82
Haemophilus influenzae primary treatment
2st-3rd generation cephalosporins
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Respiratory FQ: levofloxacin
83
Primary treatment for moraxella catarrhalis
2st-3rd generation cephalosporins
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Respiratory FQ: levofloxacin
84
Primary treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Anti-pseudomonal PCN: zosyn
Antipseudomonal cephalosporins: Ceftazidime, cefepime
Monobactam: aztreonam
Carbapenems except ertapenem
Cipro and levaquin
Aminoglycosides
Difficult-to-treat: ceftolozane/tazobactam
85
Primary treatment for acinetobacter baumannii
Carbapenems except ertapenem
Unasyn
86
Primary treatment for C. difficile
Vancomycin PO
Fidaxomicin PO
87
Primary treatment for Bacteroides fragilis
DOC: metronidazole
Unasyn, Augmentin
Zosyn
carbapenems
88
Primary treatment for atypicals
Macrolides - Azithromycin
Tetracyclines - Doxycycline
FQ - Levaquin
89
What are the common infections in the Nose?
Staphylococcus aureus
90
What are the common infection of the mouth?
Viridans Streptococci
Anaerobes
91
What are the common infections of upper respiratory tract (throat)?
Streptococci
Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
92
What are the common infections of the lower respiratory tract?
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
Atypicals
93
What are the common infections of the GI?
Enteric Gram-negative rods
Anaerobes
Enterococci
Streptococci
94
What are the common infections of the skin??
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococci
95
What are the common infections of the Urinary tract?
E. coli
S. saprophyticus
Group B Streptococci
96
If the lab reports the bug as "Gram-positive cocci in clusters" it is most likely what?
Staphylococcus spp.
97
If the lab repots the bug as "Gram-positive cocci in pairs and/or chains" it is most likely what?
Streptococcus or Enterococcus spp.
98
If the lab reports the bug as "Gram-positive diplococci" is is most likely what?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
99
If the lab reports the bug as "Gram-negative coccobacilli" it is most likely what?
Haemophilius spp. or Moraxella spp.
100
If the lab reports the bug as "lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli" it is most likely what?
Enterobacteria (E.coli, Klebsiella or enterobacter)
101
If the lab reports the bug as "non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, oxidase-positive" it is most likely what?
Pseudomonas spp.
102
If the lab reports the bus as "acid fast bacilli" it is most likely what?
Mycobacterium spp, including TB
103
If the lab reports the bug as "budding yeast" it is most likely what?
Candida spp.
104
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Staphylococcus aureus?
GPC in clusters, coagulase +
105
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Staphylococcus epidermidis?
GPC in clusters, coagulase negative
106
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Staphylococcus saprophyticus?
GC in clusters, coagulase negative
107
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Viridans streptococci?
GPC in chains and pairs, alpha hemolytic
108
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
GPC in chains and pairs, alpha hemolytic
109
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Streptococcus pyogens?
GPC in chains and pairs, Beta-hemolytic
110
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Streptococcus agalactiae?
GPC in chains and pairs, B-hemolytic
111
What is the Gram-stain morphology of Enterococcus?
GPC in chains and pairs, y-hemolytic
112
What is the habitat of Staphylococcus aureus?
nose and skin
113
What is the habitat of Staphylococcus epidermidis?
skin
114
What is the habitat of Staphylococcus saprophyticus?
Genital and perineum
115
What is the habitat of Viridans streptococci?
Oral cavity
116
What is the habitat of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
upper respiratory tract
117
What is the habitat of Streptococcus agalactiae?
vaginal/GI
118
What is the habitat of Streptococcus pyogens?
skin and throat
119
What is the habitat of enterococcus?
GI
120
Primary treatment for Staphylococcus aureus?
MSSA-nafcillin/oxacillin, cefazolin
MRSA- Vancomycin IV, daptomycin, linezolid
121
Primary treatment for Staphylococcus epidermidis?
MSSE- nafcillin/oxacillin, cefazolin
MRSE- vancomycin, daptomycin, Linezolid and or rifampin
122
Primary treatment for Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Bactrim, nirtofurantoin
123
Primary treatment for Viridians streptococci?
Penicillin, amoxicillin
124
Primary treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin, azithromycin
Ceftriaxone, respiratory FQ
Vancomycin
125
Primary treatment for Streptococcus agalactiae?
Penicillin, amoxicillin
126
Primary treatment for Streptococcus agalactiae
Penicillin, amoxicillin
127
Primary treatment for Enterococcus
Ampicillin or vancomycin +/- aminoglycoside
VRE- daptomycin, linezolid
