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Sociology 100 > Final Exam Study Terms > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Terms Flashcards

1
Q

sex

A

biological characteristics that include sex chromosomes, primary sex characteristics, and secondary sex characteristics

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2
Q

dualism

A

contrast between two opposing theories

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3
Q

gender

A

the behavioural, cultural, or psychological traits associated with a particular sex

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4
Q

femininity

A

the behavioural, cultural, or psychological traits associated with being a female

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5
Q

masculinity

A

the behavioural, cultural, or psychological traits associated with being a male

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6
Q

gender identity

A

our personal understanding of our own gender

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7
Q

gender expression

A

the aspects of gender that we exhibit through our own outward appearance and actions available to others

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8
Q

gender binary

A

`the assumption that there are two genders (male and female) associated with the two biological sexes

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9
Q

heterosexuality

A

sexual attraction to members of the “opposite sex”

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10
Q

homosexuality

A

sexual attraction to members of the “same sex”

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11
Q

intersex

A

a person whose physical sex characteristics fall outside the boundaries of the male/female dualism

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12
Q

disorders of sexual development or differences in sexual development (DSD)

A

a term used in place for intersex, refering to physical sexual characteristics that fall outside the boundaries of the male/female dualism

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13
Q

two-spirit

A

in indigenous cultures, individuals who have both male and female spirits

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14
Q

cis gender

A

individuals whose gender identity corresponds to their sex at birth

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15
Q

transgender

A

individuals whose gender identity corresponds to that of another sex

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16
Q

gender non-conforming

A

individuals whose gender identity falls outside of elite, dualistic disorders that equate another gender

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17
Q

hyper masculinity

A

traditional masculinity in an extreme and exaggerated form

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18
Q

cultures of honour

A

cultures where traditional masculinity must be protected from disrespect and male dominance over women is emphasized

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19
Q

bisexuality

A

sexual attraction to both males and females

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20
Q

pansexuality

A

sexual attraction to people along the full spectrum of sex,gender, and sexuality

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21
Q

asexuality

A

low/absent sexual attraction or desire for sexual activities

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22
Q

heteronormative

A

the view that heterosexuality is the expected sexual orientation

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23
Q

stereotype effect

A

individuals become so anxious about confirming a stereotype about their social group, their performance suffers

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24
Q

glass-ceilings

A

intangible barriers that prevent women from obtaining positions of leadership and authority

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25
Q

glass-escalator

A

intangible factors that enable men to obtain positions of authority and leadership

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26
Q

intersectionality

A

the way that our individual array of multiple identities combines to create a distinctive whole

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27
Q

matrix of domination

A

intersecting systems of oppression in society

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28
Q

ethnicity

A

cultural characteristics such as language, religion, taste in food, shared descent, cultural traditions, and shared geographical locations

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29
Q

ethnic origin

A

the ethnic characteristics of your ancestors

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30
Q

objective ethnicity

A

ethnic characteristics of your ancestors

31
Q

subjective ethnicity or ethnic identity

A

how you personally identify your ethnicity

32
Q

race

A

a socially constructed category used to classify human kind according to physical characteristics such as skin colour, hair texture, and facial features

33
Q

racialization

A

the process by which groups come to be designated as beings of a particular “race” and on that basis subjected to different and/or unequal treatment

34
Q

visible minorities

A

persons, other than aboriginal persons, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour

35
Q

racialized group

A

people of colour, who are disproportionately affected by racialization

36
Q

family-class immigrants

A

immigrants who are sponsored by close relatives living in Canada

37
Q

economic immigrants

A

immigrants selected on the basis of some combination of educational attainment, occupational skills, entrepreneurship, business investment, and ability to contribute to Canadian economy

38
Q

refugees

A

people forced to flee from prosecution

39
Q

bicultural

A

participating in two distinct cultures simultaneously

40
Q

integration pattern

A

indentifying with both one’s heritage culture, and one’s new, national culture

41
Q

ethnic pattern

A

identifying primarily with one’s heritage culture

42
Q

national pattern

A

identifying primarily with one’s new, national culture

43
Q

diffuse pattern

A

uncertainty of which culture(s) one should or should not identify with

44
Q

dominant groups

A

groups that have institutionalized power and privilege in society

45
Q

minority group

A

definable groups that are socially disadvantaged and face unequal treatment

46
Q

les femme du pays

A

the indigenous “county wives” of European traders

47
Q

ethnocide

A

eradication of a culture

48
Q

pluralism

A

cultural differences are valued in society

49
Q

segregation

A

minority groups are separated from the dominant group

50
Q

anti-segregation laws

A

laws that prohibit interracial marriages

51
Q

population trasfer

A

a process whereby minority groups are forcefully expelled or are limited to a location

52
Q

prejudice

A

an attitude that is unrelated to reality and is generalized to all members of a certain group

53
Q

racism

A

a specific form of prejudice based on aspects of physical appearance such as skin colour

54
Q

discrimination

A

treating someone unfairly because of their group membership

55
Q

hate crimes

A

criminal offences motivated by hate toward an identifiable group

56
Q

white privilege

A

the advantages and benefits in society that are based soley on being white

57
Q

fictive kinships

A

social bonds among individuals not related by blood, marriage, or adoption, but feel attached to one another and assume some sort of the benefits and.or obligations of family life

58
Q

polyamory

A

the practice or condition of participating in more than one intimate relationship at the same time

59
Q

profit

A

the benefits of being in a particular relationship outweigh the costs

60
Q

comparison level

A

a comparison of the costs and benefits of a particular relationship compared to other individual people in similar relationships

61
Q

comparison level for alternatives

A

a comparison of our relationship to alternative possibilities for our lives

62
Q

equity

A

the contributions each party is making in a relationship as perceived “fair)

63
Q

commodities

A

raw materials that can be bought or sold

64
Q

monogomous

A

2 spouses

65
Q

polygamous

A

3 or more spouses simultaneously

66
Q

nuclear

A

a family structure comprising of parents and their children

67
Q

patriarchal

A

power invested in the male head of the household and men in society more generally

68
Q

health

A

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

69
Q

epidemiological transition

A

historical changes in patterns of morbidity and mortality, from a predominance of infectious and parasitic diseases to degenerative diseases

70
Q

morbidity

A

the prevalence and patterns of diseases in a population

71
Q

mortality

A

the incidence and patterns of death in a population

72
Q

social selection hypothesis

A

the suggestion that people with mental disorders may drift into lower levels of socioeconomic status or be prevented from rising out of lower levels of status

73
Q

social causation hypothesis

A

the suggestion that the stresses associated with having a lower socioeconomic status contributes to the development of mental disorders

74
Q

healthy immigrant effect

A

recent immigrants tend to have better health than people Canadian-born

Sociology 100 (1 decks)

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