Final Exam Terms Flashcards
(47 cards)
Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans
Old Hickory
Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt. 8th president
Martin Van Buren
(1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the South. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.
John C. Calhoun
Famous American politician and orator. He advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated into the Federal Reserve System. He would later push for a strong union.
Daniel Webster
John Eaton, Secretary of War, was rumored to have had an affair with Peggy Timberlake, whom he later married before her husband died in 1828. She was snubbed by the wives of Jackson’s cabinet (Led by Calhoun’s wife). The President wanted to help her because his wife had been the object of similar rumors. This turned Jackson against Calhoun, drew Van Buren and Jackson closer, and dissolved the Cabinet. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency the next year and entered the Senate for South Carolina
Eaton Affair
US State has the right to invalidate any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional
Nullification Theory
It was an ordinance of secession from the union by South Carolina. South Carolina was the first to secede from the Union.
First South Carolina Ordinance
He was a distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as “The Great Compromiser.” Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. He died before it was passed, however.
Henry Clay
Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act’s provisions paved the way for the reluctant–and often forcible–emigration of tens of thousands of Native Americans to the West.
Indian Removal Act
Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk tribe, led the rebellion against the US; which started in Illinois and spread to Wisconsin Territory; 200 Sauk and Fox people were murdered; tribes removed to areas west of Mississippi
Black Hawk War
The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles to the Indian Territory. More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
Trail of Tears
President of the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
President of the second Bank of the United States; struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.
Nicholas Biddle
a 19th-century minor political party in the United States. It strongly opposed Freemasonry, and was founded as a single-issue party, aspiring to become a major party
Anti-Masonic Party
He was a Union General who destroyed the South during the “march to the sea” from Atlanta to Savannah; an example of total war
William Sherman
Pressured by Henry Clay, the government distributed the surplus from selling western lands among the states as loans. Surplus was proportionately divided according to each state’s representation in the two houses of Congress.
Distribution Act
When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued. Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.
Panic of 1837
Martin Van Buren’s nickname
Little Magician
President Van Buren’s plan to keep government funds in its own vaults and do business entirely in hard money rather than keep them in deposits within shaky banks.
Independent treasury
Description of the election of 1840 in which the Whigs tried to promote Harrison’s humble background through the image of log cabins. Van Buren talking bad about Harrison is what brought about the saying. The election was entirely based on hoopla and not on any actual issues. Harrison (Tippecanoe) won but died soon after because he did not have a coat on during his two-hour-long speech in the rain.
“Log Cabin and Hard Cider”
A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Cotton Gin
A boat that moves by the power of a steam engine, made it easier and quicker to travel goods.
Steamboat
(1840s) One of the worst famines in modern history; Irish peasants relied on potatoes, but a plant fungus killed most of them; millions starved; mass immigration to US, Canada and Australia
Potato Famine
Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and Anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party. If anyone asked about the party, they were supposed to say I know nothing.
Know-Nothing Party
