Final Exam Version 3

Question 1

A theory that is parsimonious explains

Answer 1

the most outcomes with the fewest casual variables

Question 2

The explanatory variable, or factor that “does the causing” in IR or social science theory is called the

Answer 2

independent variable

Question 3

The realist conception of the world reflects the war-like “state of nature” that is described by which of the following philosopher’s

Answer 3

Thomas Hobbes

Question 4

Which of the following theorist’ Man, the State, and War is most responsible for the conceptual levels of analysis that are commonly used in international studies

Answer 4

Kenneth Waltz

Question 5

All states in the international system are equally defined and protected by their territorial and political integrity. This is the norm of

Answer 5

sovereignty

Question 6

To explain different IR theories, the simple game of the Prisoner’s Dilemma shows that international interaction often reduces to a set of strategic choices versus another state. In the crudely drawn Prisoner’s Dilemma, what is the significance of the 3,3 box?

Answer 6

All of the above
(It signifies absolute gains, It the highest payoff each state can get without a loser and it signifies the outcome of cooperation from each state)

Question 7

For realists, why is the Prisoner’s Dilemma known as a defection strategy?

Answer 7

Under realism states seek relative gains so they both tend to defect for the payoff of 4,1-resulting in 2,2 box

Question 8

Under the logic of neoliberalism, how do states get to the 3,3 box of cooperation?

Answer 8

institutions

Question 9

If you are player 1, which interaction, (which box) provides you with relative power?

Answer 9

4,1

Question 10

International anarchy is defined as

Answer 10

The absence of any controlling authority over the state

Question 11

Self-help and power politics are socially constructed by identity and ideas of international politics. This is part of the central argument of

Answer 11

Alexander Wendt

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary ways that institutions cause international cooperation

Answer 12

balancing power

Question 13

A postmodern critique of Waltz would say that realism can’t generally explain international politics. This is a _______ perspective?

Answer 13

liberal

Question 14

The logic of Copeland’s Dynamic Differentials Theory would explain that Japan saw itself _______ against the US and therefore had to attack Pearl Harbor

Answer 14

in deep and inevitable decline

Question 15

Which IR theory attacks neorealism by exactly accepting its first two core assumptions of states as rational actors and seeking security

Answer 15

constructivism

Question 16

A group of states agree to cooperate on an issue. However, each decides to defect or cheat-hoping to keep the benefits of the other’s cooperation without taking on the costs. This describes

Answer 16

the collective action problem

Question 17

Critical theorists’ disagreement with mainstream/rationalist IR theories can best be described as

Answer 17

critical theorists don’t accept that you can generalize international politics

Question 18

According to Legro and Moravcik in “FAUX REALISM,” why are policies of “new realism” not consistently and logically grounded in realism?

Answer 18

the focus of the policy is that these states are “evil” and undemocratic

Question 19

A weaker states decides to ally with a rising/threatening power in her region because it seems clear that rising power will dominate the system. Walt calls this

Answer 19

bandwagoning

Question 20

During the Cold War, the international structure is best described as

Answer 20

bipolar

Question 21

States seek power as an end in and of itself, which (in part) originates in man’s lust for more and more power. This is central to the logic of

Answer 21

classical realism

Question 22

Joseph Lepold essentially argues that

Answer 22

there are many meaningful links between theory and policy

Question 23

Which of the following is not an early writer in the liberal-idealist tradition

Answer 23

machiavelli

Question 24

Cooperation does happen in the international system. Realists and liberals dispute how and why. Liberal theory is most persuasive in what area of IR

Answer 24

international political economy

Question 25

The dominance over a system by one particular state that has achieved preponderant and significant power is called

Answer 25

hegemony

Question 26

By one of its definitions, neorealism explains outcomes using the _______ level of analysis?

Answer 26

structural

Question 27

State A increases its security. State B sees this as a threat and increases its own security. State A becomes more insecure and seeks more security. This spiral is known as

Answer 27

security dilemma

Question 28

Realism and liberalism are each an aggregation of like-minded theories that share basic core assumptions to create powerful and parsimonious explanations of international politics. This identifies each theory as

Answer 28

a paradigm

Question 29

A group of military and business leaders captures political power in a particular country, which causes that state to state a war. This explains war at which level of analysis

Answer 29

domestic

Question 30

Which of the following is not a key measure of power for realism

Answer 30

cohesive ideology

Question 31

Which of the following authors does not write as a realist

Answer 31

Woodrow Wilson

Question 32

The primary difference between classical realism and neorealism is

Answer 32

they seek power for different ends

Question 33

Institutions are the key casual variable for which theory of international relations

Answer 33

all of the above | neoliberalism, neoliberal institutionalism, and institutionalism

Question 34

Which of the following is not a basic foundation of liberal theory

Answer 34

relative gains

Question 35

When liberals add total outcomes from an interaction and see that both sides have made significant gains, this increases the likelihood that there will be more cooperation based on the logic of

Answer 35

absolute gains

Question 36

IF the US war in Iraq in 2003 is to replace a regime that does not abide by norms of cooperation, international law, or morality, then this explains the conflict for which theory?

Answer 36

liberalism

Question 37

The primary difference between the IR constructivism of Alexander Wendt and liberal and realist theorists is based on

Answer 37

ideational vs material ontology

Question 38

What marks the official start of the system of sovereign states

Answer 38

The Treaty of Westphalia, 1648

Question 39

Although a neorealist theory, Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory is accused of being "Constructivist" because

Answer 39

it smuggles in threat as an idea about potential adversaries based on their identity

Question 40

"Ordering principles" for neorealists, refers to what core assumption

Answer 40

The distribution of material capabilities

Question 41

States are rational. This means they calculate a strategy of

Answer 41

their best interest outcome, given the information and choices at the time

Question 42

For constructivists, more important than the power that a state may have is the _______ of that state, which is a social construct that is perceived by each state?

Answer 42

identity

Question 43

State A is willing to lose 10 units of power in an interaction with state B, if state B will lose more than 10 units of power. This is the realist logic of

Answer 43

relative gains

Question 44

Gender matters in international relations. This is the general idea of

Answer 44

Feminist IR theory

Question 45

Some scholars note disapprovingly that realism is continuously being added to in order to provide more and more explanations. This is called

Answer 45

generalizability

Question 46

In which 1979 seminal work do we find the original principles of neorealism

Answer 46

Waltz's "Theory of International Politics"

Question 47

In a multipolar system-a state that gains overwhelming or preponderant power over the rest will lend stability to the system. This is the logic of

Answer 47

Hegemonic Stability Theory

Question 48

Two democracies are extremely unlikely to fight a war against each other. This is the logic of

Answer 48

dyadic democratic peace theory

Question 49

The key difference between neorealists and neoliberals is that neorealists seek to win in any interaction relative to the other state. Neoliberals seek for each side profit from any interaction. This describes the

Answer 49

gains debate

Question 50

State B cooperates with State C, not because of what State C might do, but because its agreement helps to ensure cooperation in a different area of interaction. This describes

Answer 50

issue linkage

Question 51

According to the Goldstein text, how many conceptual levels of analyses are there that help to describe and explain interactions in international relations

Answer 51

4

Question 52

According to Goldstein, the best measures of a modern state's power is

Answer 52

its GDP (gross domestic product)

Question 53

Which of the following states is not the same general geographic region

Answer 53

Morocco

Question 54

Identity and state interest constantly shape each other. This is what Wendt calls

Answer 54

mutually constituted politics

Question 55

One of the biggest problems with constructivism is referred to as

Answer 55

ideas all the way down