Final Exam Vocab.

Question 1

governor of NY who built the Erie Canal

Answer 1

Dewitt Clinton

Question 2

wrote Common Sense, an influential propaganda pamphlet, in 1776, he was a radical who believed in the idea of republicanism, came from England

Answer 2

Thomas Paine

Question 3

established as part of the Hamiltonian economic system in 1791, opposed by Jefferson, strengthened economy, (destroyed by Jackson), modeled after England’s version, chartered for 20 years

Answer 3

Bank of the United States

Question 4

a system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Answer 4

Checks and balances

Question 5

first steamboat, invented by Robert Fulton, went up Hudson River in 1807

Answer 5

Clermont

Question 6

counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation

Answer 6

three-fifths compromise

Question 7

TURNING POINT OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION, a battle near lake champlain, General Burgoyne’s forces forced to surrender to General Horatio Gates’s forces, end of burgoyne’s attempt to capture hudson river valley

Answer 7

Saratoga

Question 8

cause of the Undeclared War, Adams sent envoys to talk to Talleyrand in 1797, France requested they pay tribute to speak with Talleyrand

Answer 8

XYZ Affair

Question 9

Jefferson’s method of cutting off trade with other countries hoping to harm their economies and get them to respect America’s rights, example: Embargo Act

Answer 9

economic coercion

Question 10

rights that a person is born with and that a person deserves, Thomas Jefferson claimed in the Declaration of Independence that the British king had taken away many of these rights

Answer 10

natural rights

Question 11

taxes on imported goods to protect American industry

Answer 11

protective tariff

Question 12

a statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere with the affairs of countries in the Western Hemisphere and that the U.S. would in turn not interfere in the affairs of Europe

Answer 12

Monroe Doctrine

Question 13

born in Franklin, MA, he worked on educational reform in MA

Answer 13

Horace Mann

Question 14

term used to describe slavery

Answer 14

peculiar institution

Question 15

nickname for the Constitution

Answer 15

“Bundle of Compromises”

Question 16

meeting of New England states to discuss secession from Union, Federalist ideas, shot in foot of Federalist party (ended them), called by MA, took place in CT

Answer 16

Hartford Convention

Question 17

people who believed that anything not in the Constitution was forbidden, Jefferson est. this principle, generally JDRs were this

Answer 17

strict constructionist

Question 18

machine invented by Eli Whitney used to separate seeds from raw cotton, helped development of the South esp. in economy

Answer 18

cotton gin

Question 19

Eli Whitney, gun industry, est. assembly line for mass production

Answer 19

interchangeable parts

Question 20

a law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers

Answer 20

Ordinance of 1785

Question 21

method of allowing western territories to join the Union when they had a specific number of inhabitants

Answer 21

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Question 22

treaty between U.S. and native americans (specifically the Miami Confederacy) in 1795 that ceded much of the land in the Ohio River Valley to the U.S.

Answer 22

Treaty of Greenville

Question 23

treaty that ended the War of 1812, restored conditions from beginning of war and set. a U.S. - Canadian border

Answer 23

Treaty of Ghent

Question 24

“FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION”, DRAFTED BILL OF RIGHTS, strict constructionist, secretary of state for Jefferson, 4th President starting in 1809, believed in “compact theory” or “states’ rights theory” (belief that the states created the federal gov’t and can nullify any laws), Macon’s Bill No. 2

Answer 24

James Madison

Question 25

president during the Era of Good Feelings, revived Bank of U.S., protective tariff, HIS Doctrine

Answer 25

James Monroe

Question 26

two rebellions in response to money that were responded to with an unnecessarily large amount of force

(Shay-foreclosure 1786-1787, Whiskey-tax 1794)

Answer 26

Whiskey Rebellion / Shay’s Rebellion

Question 27

war with pirates of North Africa from 1801-1805, during first term of Jefferson’s presidency

Answer 27

Barbary War

Question 28

an american frontiersman who from 1778-1779 went down the ohio river caputuring British frontier posts by surprise (including Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes)

Answer 28

George Rogers Clark

Question 29

set up federal court system including Supreme, federal district, and circuit courts, est. offices of Chief Justice, five associates and Attorney General

Answer 29

Judiciary Act of 1789

Question 30

est. “midnight judges”, one of the last laws past by the dying Federalist party, created judicial offices to ensure Federalist power in judiciary branch, signed by President John Adams

Answer 30

Judiciary Act of 1801

Question 31

writer and author, wrote an essay on CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE (addressed when it is right to break the law and that one must be willing to suffer the consequences for disobeying the law, for example the Underground Railroad)

Answer 31

Henry David Thoreau

Question 32

first female graduate of a medical college in mid-1800s, pioneer in a career previously not allowed to women

Answer 32

Elizabeth Blackwell

Question 33

allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state, prohibited slavery north of 36 3o latitude in Louisiana Territory

Answer 33

Missouri Compromise

Question 34

founder of Mormonism, polygamist, The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints, killed

Answer 34

Joseph Smith

Question 35

leader of the Mormons after Joseph Smith was killed, led followers to Utah

Answer 35

Brigham Young

Question 36

a political party, they were anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic, they were also called “The American Party”

Answer 36

Know Nothings

Question 37

fought for reform for treatment of the mentally insane

Answer 37

Dorothea Dix

Question 38

president of the Bank of the United States, Jackson battles him and destroys Bank

Answer 38

Nicholas Biddle

Question 39

became one of the “civilized tribes” adopting the American ways, went to Supreme Court when Congress tried to declare the Cherokee tribal council illegal, won but Jackson refused to recognize the decision

Answer 39

Cherokee

Question 40

rewarding supporters with government jobs

Answer 40

Spoils system

Question 41

state banks where Jackson put the government’s money instead of the national bank, he wanted to spread the wealth, but this created a recession

Answer 41

Pet banks

Question 42

EXPLORER, young army officer and cartographer of 1804, explored west of the Mississippi River to Oregon with Meriweather Lewis

Answer 42

William Clark

Question 43

after Napoleon gained power, French met with U.S. to annul the alliance of 1778, ended the Quasi War between French and U.S.

Answer 43

Convention of 1800

Question 44

rights reserved for people

Answer 44

9th amendment

Question 45

rights reserved for states

Answer 45

10th amendment

Question 46

a person who favors the equal division of land property and the advancement of agricultural groups

Answer 46

agrarian

Question 47

Hamilton’s method of federal government paying off the states’ debts in addition to its own plus interest

Answer 47

assumption

Question 48

a name for women’s choice to have fewer children/smaller families and growing power and independence

Answer 48

domestic feminism

Question 49

political machine/organization, controlled NY, drew support from immigrants

Answer 49

Tammany Hall