final figures

Question 1

12 olympian gods

Answer 1

Zeus
Hera
Poseidon
Demeter
Athena
Apollo
Artemis
Ares
Aphrodite
Hephaestus
Hermes
Dionysus

Question 2

Zeus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 2

King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus.
Attributes: Thunderbolt, eagle, oak tree.
Main myths: Overthrowing his father Cronus, defeating the Titans, controlling the weather.

Question 3

Hera

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 3

Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage and family.
Attributes: Peacock, diadem (crown), scepter.
Main myths: Her marriage to Zeus, her jealousy and revenge against Zeus’s lovers and their offspring.

Question 4

Poseidon

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 4

God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses.
Attributes: Trident, horse, dolphin.
Main myths: Creating horses, competing with Athena for control of Athens, causing earthquakes and storms.

Question 5

demeter

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 5

Goddess of agriculture, fertility, and the harvest.
Attributes: Cornucopia (horn of plenty), wheat, torch.
Main myths: Searching for her daughter Persephone, causing the seasons to change with Persephone’s abduction and return.

Question 6

Athena

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 6

Goddess of wisdom, warfare, and crafts.
Attributes: Owl, olive tree, shield (Aegis), spear.
Main myths: Being born fully grown from Zeus’s head, helping heroes like Odysseus and Perseus, protecting cities like Athens.

Question 7

apollo

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 7

God of music, poetry, prophecy, and healing.
Attributes: Lyre, laurel wreath, bow and arrows.
Main myths: His oracle at Delphi, challenging and defeating Python, inspiring artists and poets.

Question 8

Artemis

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 8

Goddess of the hunt, wilderness, and childbirth.
Attributes: Bow and arrows, deer, crescent moon.
Main myths: Protecting animals and forests, hunting with her nymphs, avenging insults against her.

Question 9

ares

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 9

God of war, violence, and courage.
Attributes: Spear, helmet, shield.
Main myths: Participating in battles, causing chaos and destruction, having an affair with Aphrodite.

Question 10

Aphrodite

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 10

Goddess of love, beauty, and desire.
Attributes: Dove, rose, myrtle tree.
Main myths: Born from sea foam, causing love and desire among gods and mortals, involved in many romantic intrigues.

Question 11

Hephaestus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 11

God of fire, metalworking, and craftsmanship.
Attributes: Anvil, hammer, tongs, forge.
Main myths: Crafting weapons and armor for the gods, creating Pandora, being married to Aphrodite.

Question 12

Hermes

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 12

Messenger of the gods, god of travel, trade, and communication.
Attributes: Caduceus (staff), winged sandals, traveler’s hat.
Main myths: Guiding souls to the underworld, inventing the lyre, acting as a messenger and guide for gods and mortals.

Question 13

Dionysus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 13

God of wine, ecstasy, and theater.
Attributes: Grapevine, wine cup, thyrsus (staff).
Main myths: Traveling with his followers (the Maenads), teaching humans about wine, inspiring revelry and celebration.

Question 14

kronos

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 14

Titan god of time and the harvest, father of the Olympian gods.
Attributes: Sickle, throne.
Main myths: Overthrowing his father Uranus, swallowing his children (the Olympian gods) to prevent being overthrown, being defeated by Zeus and imprisoned in Tartarus.

Question 15

prometheus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 15

Titan god of forethought and crafty counsel, creator of humanity.
Attributes: Torch, chains, eagle.
Main myths: Stealing fire from Mount Olympus and giving it to humans, creating humans out of clay, punished by Zeus by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten daily by an eagle.

Question 16

tantalus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 16

King punished in the underworld for his crimes against the gods.
Attributes: Eternal hunger and thirst, standing in a pool of water with fruit just out of reach.
Main myths: Attempting to feed the gods human flesh, stealing ambrosia and nectar, punished in the afterlife with eternal torment.

Question 17

pegasus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 17

Winged horse, offspring of Medusa and Poseidon.
Attributes: Wings, often depicted with a golden bridle.
Main myths: Emerging from Medusa’s blood when she was killed by Perseus, tamed by Bellerophon and used to defeat the Chimera

Question 18

Hippolytus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 18

Son of Theseus and a devotee of Artemis, known for his devotion to chastity.
Attributes: Chariot, spear.
Main myths: Rejecting the advances of Phaedra, leading to tragic consequences including his death and the death of Phaedra.

Question 19

medusa

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 19

Gorgon with snakes for hair, turned people to stone with her gaze.
Attributes: Snake hair, wings, turned to stone in some depictions.
Main myths: Cursed by Athena, slain by Perseus who used her head as a weapon, her gaze turning onlookers to stone.

Question 20

Daedalus and icarus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 20

Daedalus was a skilled craftsman and inventor, Icarus was his son.
Attributes: Wings (for Icarus), tools and inventions (for Daedalus).
Main myths: Building the Labyrinth for King Minos, creating wings to escape Crete, Icarus flying too close to the sun and falling to his death.

Question 21

romulus and remus

describe who they are, their attributes (if they have any), and the main
myths they are associated with

Answer 21

Founders of Rome, sons of the god Mars and the Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia.
Attributes: None specific.
Main myths: Nursed by a she-wolf, founding Rome after a dispute and Romulus killing Remus, leading to Rome being named after Romulus.

Question 22

initiation rites/ 3 stages of initiation

give a definition, provide an example, explain its relevance to the myths we have
studied

Answer 22

Definition: Initiation rites are rituals or ceremonies that mark the transition from one stage of life to another, often associated with gaining knowledge, maturity, or status within a community. The three stages of initiation commonly include separation, transition, and incorporation.
Example: In Greek mythology, the Eleusinian Mysteries were initiation rites associated with the cult of Demeter and Persephone. Initiates would undergo a process involving purification, revelation of secrets (transition), and acceptance into the mysteries (incorporation)
Relevance to myths: Initiation rites are often depicted in myths as heroes or characters undergo transformative journeys or quests that lead to personal growth, knowledge, or acceptance into a new role or society.

Question 23

anthesteria festival

give a definition, provide an example, explain its relevance to the myths we have
studied

Answer 23

Definition: Anthesteria was an ancient Greek festival held in honor of Dionysus, typically celebrating the arrival of spring and the new wine season. It included rituals, feasting, and theatrical performances.
Example: During the Anthesteria festival, people would participate in ceremonies like the Pithoigia (jar-opening), Choes (wine-drinking), and Chytroi (pot-feasting) to honor Dionysus and ensure a good harvest.
Relevance to myths: Anthesteria is relevant to myths as it reflects the importance of seasonal celebrations, fertility rituals, and the worship of gods like Dionysus, who represented wine, ecstasy, and the cycle of life.

Question 24

the hero pattern

give a definition, provide an example, explain its relevance to the myths we have
studied

Answer 24

Definition: The Hero Pattern, also known as the Hero’s Journey or monomyth, is a narrative structure identified by Joseph Campbell that describes the typical stages of a hero’s quest or adventure, including departure, initiation, and return.
Example: The myth of Theseus and the Minotaur follows the Hero Pattern, with Theseus departing from Athens, facing challenges in the labyrinth (initiation), and returning victorious after slaying the Minotaur.
Relevance to myths: The Hero Pattern is relevant to myths as it provides a framework for understanding the archetypal hero’s journey, including trials, growth, and transformation, which are common themes in mythology.

Question 25

hubris

give a definition, provide an example, explain its relevance to the myths we have
studied

Answer 25

Definition: Hubris refers to excessive pride, arrogance, or overconfidence that leads to defiance of the gods or natural order, often resulting in downfall or punishment.
Example: The myth of Arachne, a mortal weaver who challenged Athena to a contest and boasted of her skills, exemplifies hubris. Arachne’s arrogance led to her transformation into a spider as punishment.
Relevance to myths: Hubris is a recurring theme in myths, illustrating the consequences of human arrogance and the importance of humility and respect for divine authority.

Question 26

Xenia

give a definition, provide an example, explain its relevance to the myths we have
studied

Answer 26

Definition: Xenia is the ancient Greek concept of hospitality, generosity, and guest-friendship, emphasizing the duties of hosts and guests to provide hospitality and protection to strangers.
Example: The myth of Odysseus and the Cyclops Polyphemus highlights xenia when Odysseus and his men seek shelter in the Cyclops’s cave but are treated poorly due to Polyphemus’s lack of hospitality.
Relevance to myths: Xenia is a central theme in many myths, reflecting the social values of ancient Greek society and the importance of hospitality, kindness, and reciprocity in interactions between mortals and immortals.

Question 27

thyestes

author
historical period
overview

Answer 27

Author: The Roman playwright Seneca the Younger (approximately 1st century CE).
Rough historical period: 1st century CE, during the Roman Empire.
Overview: “Thyestes” is a Roman tragedy that follows the story of Thyestes, a king who is betrayed by his brother Atreus. The play deals with themes of revenge, betrayal, and the consequences of unchecked ambition.
Specific scenes/episodes: The banquet scene where Atreus serves Thyestes his own children as revenge for Thyestes’ affair with Atreus’s wife is a highly dramatic and central episode in the play.

Question 28

Iliad book 1

author
historical period
overview

Answer 28

Author: Traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer (8th century BCE).
Rough historical period: 8th century BCE, during the Greek Dark Ages.
Overview: “Iliad” Book 1 sets the stage for the entire epic by introducing the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon during the Trojan War. It begins with the wrath of Achilles and ends with the gathering of the Greek forces at Aulis.
Specific scenes/episodes: The quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon over Briseis, leading to Achilles withdrawing from the war, is a key episode in Book 1.

Question 29

Odyssey Book 9:

author
historical period
overview

Answer 29

Odyssey Book 9:
Author: Traditionally attributed to Homer (8th century BCE).
Rough historical period: 8th century BCE, during the Greek Dark Ages.
Overview: “Odyssey” Book 9, also known as the “Cyclops” episode, recounts Odysseus’s encounter with the Cyclops Polyphemus after leaving Troy. Odysseus and his men face challenges and danger as they try to escape from the Cyclops’s cave.
Specific scenes/episodes: The blinding of Polyphemus by Odysseus using a sharpened stake is a pivotal and memorable scene in Book 9.

Question 30

Aeneid Book 2

author
historical period
overview

Answer 30

Author: The Roman poet Virgil (1st century BCE).
Rough historical period: 1st century BCE, during the Augustan Age of Rome.
Overview: “Aeneid” Book 2 tells the story of the fall of Troy, including the Trojan Horse deception, the sack of Troy by the Greeks, and the escape of Aeneas and his followers. It is a crucial part of Aeneas’s journey and destiny.
Specific scenes/episodes: The wooden horse being brought into Troy, the sack of the city, and the death of Priam are central episodes in Book 2 of the “Aeneid.”