Final Final Flashcards by De Atkinson

What makes up the basicranium?

sphenoid body, occipital, petrous temporals, vomer

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What cranial nerves come out of the forebrain?

olfactory, optic

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What cranial nerves come out of the midbrain?

oculomotor, trochlear

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What cranial nerves come out of the pons?

trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear

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What cranial nerves come out of the medulla?

glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

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What are the nerves of the pharyngeal arches?

Arch 1- V3
Arch 2- VII
Arch 3- IX
Arch 4- (sup. laryngeal) X
Arch 6- (recurrent laryngeal) X

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The most medial cranial nerves are

motor

Medial=Motor

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The lateral cranial nerves are

special sensory or mixed

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What are the 2 exceptions to the cranial nerve organization?

IV- off the dorsum
IX- off the neck

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Label the cranial nerves

a. olfactory
b. trochlear
c. abducens
d. facial
e. hypoglossal
f. optic
g. oculomotor
h. trigeminal
i. vestibulocochlear
j. glossopharyngeal
k. vagus
l. accessory

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Pneumonic for sensory, motor, or mixed?

Some

Say

Money

Matters

But

Brother

Says

Big

Brains

Matter

Most

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Label what nerves go through each foramina

Olfactory- cribiform plate
Optic- optic canal
Oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal-1, abducens- inferior orbital fissure
Trigeminal-2- rotundum
Trigeminal-3- ovale
Facial, vestibulocochlear- interal auditory meatus
Glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory- jugular foramen
hypoglossal- hypoglossal canal

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What passes through foramen spinosum?

middle meningeal artery

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What are the 4 bones that make up the pterion?

frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal

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What is the olfactory story?

Originates from the forebrain

Passes through anterior fossa

Exits cribiform plate

Innervates nasal cavity

SMELL

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What is the optic story?

Originates in the forebrain

Crosses at optic chiasm

Exits the optic canal

Innervates the retina

SIGHT

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What is the occulomotor story?

Originates from the midbrain

Exits through the superior orbital fissure

Branches into superior and inferior branches

Innervates superiorly- superior rectus & levator palpabrae superioris

Innervates inferiorly- inferior oblique, inferior rectus, & medial rectus

Carries PARAs to ciliary ganglion then jumps on short ciliary nerves to ciliary muscles for pupil CONSTRICTION

EYE MOVEMENT & EYE LID CLOSURE

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What is the trochlear story?

Originates in midbrain

Exits through the superior orbital fissure

Innervates the superior oblique muscle

DOWN AND MEDIAL EYE MOVEMENT

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What is the trigeminal 1 story?

Originates in the pons

Exits the superior orbital fissure

Branches into lacrimal, frontal (supratrochlear & supraorbital), & nasociliary branches

Innervates- lacrimal area sensation

Innervates- supratrochlear (middle forehead and orbit) & supraorbital (lateral forhead and orbit)

Innervates- Nasociliary (eye ball and nasal mucosa)

CARRIES PARAs from CN III via the nasociliary nerve & SENSORY

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What is the trigeminal 2 story?

Originates in the pons

Exits through foramen rotundum into PTP fossa

Branches into zygomatic, infra orbital, nasopalatine, pharyngeal, lesser palatine, and greater palatine

PTP GANGLIA

Zygomatic innervation- zygomatic area and carries PARAS to lacrimal gland (tears)

Infraorbital innervation- skin on cheek, upper lips, lateral nose

Nasopalatine & Pharyngeal innervation- carries PARAs to nasal/pharyngeal mucosa from CN

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All glands of the head and neck are controlled by CN __ except ____ which is CN __

CN VII

except parotid

CN IX

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What innervates most of the face above the corner of the mouth?

greater petrosal of CN VII

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The uvula deviates ____ injury.

away from

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All muscles of the palate are controlled by CN __ except ____ which is CN ___

CN X

except tensor palatini

CN V3

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What tonsils are called adenoids once they become inflammed?

pharyngeal

What tonsils are removed during a tonsillectomy?

palatine

If a child has trouble hearing, what tonsils may be to blame?

pharyngeal

All glossus muscles are innervated by CN __ except ____ which is CN \_\_

CN XII except palatoglossus CN X

Are muscles on the same side or different side affected with a CN XII injury?

Same side | (located in rostral, medial medulla)

What are the 3 compartments of the larynx?

Vestibule- space between quadrangular membranes Ventricle- space between true and false vocal cords Infraglottic space- space between true vocal cords and trachea

Which cartilages control pitch of the voice?

arytenoids

What is the function of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

sensory above vocal cords

What is the function of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

motor to cricothyroid muscle

What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

sensory below vocal cords intrinsic muscles of larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid

5 nerves of the orbit

Optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal 1, abducens

What are the nerves of the cavernous sinus?

trigeminal 2, trigeminal 1, oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

What is the nerve running with carotid artery in cavernous sinus? What happens if its injured?

abducens eye will adduct

What are the 7 openings of the lateral nasal wall from superior to inferior?

Sphenoid SUPERIOR CONCHA Posterior Ethmoid MIDDLE CONCHA Middle Ethmoid Maxillary, Anterior Ethmoid, Frontal INFERIOR CONCHA Nasolacrimal

What are the 5 nerves of the nasal cavity?

V1- ethmoidal to external nasal V2- nasopalatine Sympathetics T1 & SCG - deep petrosal Parasympathetics of VII- greater petrosal

What controls anterior 2/3 taste of the tongue?

chorda tympani

What controls anterior 2/3 sensation to tongue?

lingual (V3)

What controls posterior 1/3 taste and sensation of tongue?

CN IX

What supplies motor to the tongue?

CN XII

What are the nerves to the external ear?

C2-C3- lower ear V3 (auriculotemporal)- upper ear

What nerves innervate middle ear?

CN X, CN VII, CN IX

What is the corneal blink reflex?

Felt by V(1) Motor by VII

What is the pupillary light reflex?

Felt by CN II Motor by CN III (constriction) or SCG (dilation)

What is the blink/startle reflex?

Felt by CN II and CN VIII Motor by CN VII

What is the sneeze reflex?

Felt by V(2) Motor by CN X

Lesions of the long tracts (white matter) of spinal cord result in deficits

at and below lesion

Lesions of gray matter in the spinal cord results in deficits

at the level of the lesion

What is Zenker's diverticulum?

weak spots in the pharyngeal wall where pouches develop usually at inferior constrictor can cause choking, aspiration etc

What is torticollis?

short SCM- looks like contracted SCM

What can cause paralysis of the trap/drooping of the shoulder?

spinal accessory nerve injury (posterior triangle)

Where is an emergency airway accessed?

cricothyroid membrane

Which glands are only serous glands?

parotid and lacrimal

Which gland is mixed but mostly serous?

submandibular

Which gland is mixed but mostly mucous?

sublingual

What is sialithiasis?

stones of the salivary glands- usually parotid or submandibular

The uvula will move ____ injury of CN \_\_

move AWAY from CN X

Hypertensive bleeds tend to occur in the

basal ganglia (lenticulostriate vessels)

What is lost in Alzhiemers disease?

Meynert ACh

The stria terminalis connects the amygdala via the

septal nuclei

Auditory information??

medial geniculate

Visual information??

Lateral geniculate

Path of visual information

cross optic tract lat geniculate optic radiations calcarine fissure

Lesions in what will cause ipsilateral symptoms

cerebellum, dentate, peduncles

Lesions in what will cause contralateral symptoms

cortex, corticopontine, red nucleus, inferior olive

What is the cerebellar loop?

corticopontine fibers go down & cross to opposite cerebellum modifications exit dentate nucleus and superior peduncle cross back to original side via red nucleus travel down to inferior olive then finally back to opposite cerebellum via inferior peduncle

basal ganglia function?

facilitation and inhibition of motor and cognition

What would a lesion in the central cerebellum (vermis) cause?

loss of axial coordination, balance, gait \*\*\* MAGNETIC GAIT \*\*\*

What would a lesion in the lateral cerebellum cause?

intention tremor, overshoot, undershoot

What would a lesion in the floculonodular region cause?

nystagmus

An obstuction of anterior cerebral artery would cause

issues with lower extremities

obstruction of middle cerebral artery would cause

face or speech issues

Obstruction of posterior cerebral artery would cause

issues with visual cortex, thalamus

obstruction of anterior inferior cerebellar artery would cause

issues with facial or vestibulocochlear nerves

Obstruction of posterior inferior cerebellar arteries would cause

issues with vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus,

Superior colliculi

double vision

frontal eye field lesions mean a pt cant look to the

opposite side LOOK TO THE LESION

Final Final Flashcards

(81 cards)