FINAL

Question 1

Transnational Chinese Cinema

Answer 1

• Movie production moves to HK in wake of Japanese occupation
• Taiwanese Cinema
• Mainland Chinese Cinema
• Hong Kong Cinema

Question 2

Diaspora

Answer 2

A dispersion of people or culture that was formerly concentrated in one place to displace in separated communities

Question 3

Hong Kong/Cantonese Cinema

Answer 3

• International & multilingual
• Almost purely an export film industry
• A commercial film industry – like Hollywood & Bollywood

Question 4

Kung fu (martial arts)

Answer 4

• HK cinema exploded in terms of international popularity as a result of Martial art films (during the 70’s)
• Shaw brothers popularized the Kung Fu genre
• Bruce Lee being among the most popular, international action star

Question 5

Wuxia (ancient martial arts and chivalry genre)

Answer 5

• Traditional narratives for martial arts in China
• Themes included: swordsplay, mastery, heroism, chivalry, retribution & moral codes of right and wrong

Question 6

Hong Kong New Wave

Question 7

1997

Answer 7

• Handover from the British colony to the Chinese territory
• Anxiety arose as a result of this – which later manifested uncertainty about HK culture, the economy & politics

Question 8

Fifth Generation Cinema

Answer 8

• Part of a nationwide intellectual movement of critical cultural reflection (wehua fansi) and historical reflection (lishi fansi)
• Refused the didacticism of prior ‘revolutionary realism’ films
• Narratives of collectivity (communist ideologies)
• Reaction to the culture revolution
• Morally & narratively ambiguous
• Reflect art cinema (2nd cinema) rather than popular cinema (1st cinema) approach
• Contemporaneous with HKNW & Taiwanese new cinema

Question 9

Globalization

Answer 9

• Interconnection of world economics, cultures and peoples
• Flow of goods, ideologies, media and influences

Question 10

Neoliberalism

Answer 10

• Transition from model of ‘social infrastructure’ to personal responsibility
• Philosophy of capitalist market liberalism: allow markets to “self regulate” rather than be subject to strong government regulation

Question 11

Slow Cinema

Answer 11

• Techniques include: mundane, realism, long takes

Question 12

LA Cinema

Answer 12

Range of recurring themes:
History & memory - 20th century; reflective of political upheavals, turmoil, trauma (Ex. la llorona - the haunting of dictatorships, histories of reclaiming indigeneity)

Question 13

Cultural Nationalism/Mexicanidad

Answer 13

• Construction of or belief in a common shared culture/Mexicanidad (mexicanness)
• “Imagined community” representations of folk cultures, regional local color
• Focus on national history – customs, locales, revolution

Question 14

Melodrama

Answer 14

• Mode of emotional and stylistic excess
• Expressive, possibly exaggerated: stylistically, emotionally, narratively
• Popular mode, common across diff. National contexts (Ex. Om Shanti Om, Aventurera)

Question 15

Art cinema

Answer 15

• 2nd cinema, associated with auteurs
• Not experimental or radical: still usually narrative cinema
• Not defined by mass popularity but through creative expression

Question 16

Political Economy

Answer 16

• How governments set policies–including economic policies - that shape media prod. & distributions
• How media ownership shaped industries and influences policies
• Both business & law shape what media get made & how accessible they are

Question 17

Segyehwa (세계화)

Answer 17

• The sense to maintain a clear sense of cultural identity, that can circulate in ways
• The need to maintain a core sense of culture & tradition

Question 18

Chaebol

Answer 18

• Driven by expanding video marketer
  Chaebol produced consumer electronics
• Produced films for video content to help sell VCR’s: rise of content
• Chaebol reduce film investment after ‘97 IMF bailout

Question 19

Planned Film (기억 영화)

Answer 19

• Change in development & prod. Strategy to maximize popularity
• Pre-selected target audience & marketing strategy

Question 20

Korean Blockbuster

Answer 20

• Fusion of Hollywood forms with Korean culture & sensibility along with segyehwa & planned film

Question 21

Hallyu (할류)

Answer 21

• Korean wave of late 90’s to early 2000’s
• Youth culture across Asian contexts & diasporas
• SK pop culture as hip transnational/regional

Question 22

IMF: International Monetary Fund

Answer 22

an international organization that helps countries manage their financial systems, and is most notably remembered in South Korea for the large bailout package they received from the IMF during the Asian financial crisis of 1997, which required significant economic reforms in the country to access the funds; often called the “IMF crisis” in Korea.

Question 23

Iranian Revolution

Answer 23

• 1978 -79
• Overthrew 2,500 years of monarchy for an Islamic theocratic state

Question 24

New Iranian Cinema

Answer 24

• Mid-1980s-early 2000s
• A continued wave of art cinema made within the confines of state censorship
  Influences of:
• Italian neorealism
• Cinema verite
• French new wave

Question 25

Self-Reflexivity

Answer 25

A film that calls attention to its own constructions and/or conditions of production

Question 26

Focalization

Answer 26

- Narrative points of view - Rather than omniscient storytelling, narrative information is given through the perspective of a particular character

Question 27

Neo-neoliberalism

Answer 27

- Resurgence of the techniques of Italian neorealism in contemporary cinema - Location shooting, long take, natural lighting, non-professional actors - Focus on minos moment and socially/economically marginalized