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Honors American History > final flashcards > Flashcards

final flashcards

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1
Q

Who was James Monroe?

A

5th U.S. President who established the era of good feelings and admitted Florida from the Spanish.

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2
Q

What was the era of good feelings?

A

1815-1825, an era of national unity following the War of 1812.

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3
Q

What is the Monroe Doctrine?

A

A large piece of U.S. foreign policy authored by John Quincy Adams regarding England and the new territories of America.

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4
Q

What is Clay’s American System?

A

A federal policy based on a market economy to unify America industrially.

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5
Q

What is sectionalism?

A

The idea and stereotype that there are three different regions in the U.S. at the time: North, South, and West.

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6
Q

Who was John Quincy Adams?

A

6th U.S. President, authored the Monroe Doctrine.

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7
Q

What was the Tariff of Abominations?

A

A protective tariff set by U.S. Congress in 1828 which led to the nullification crisis.

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8
Q

Who was Andrew Jackson?

A

7th U.S. President who was in office during the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears.

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9
Q

What is the spoils system?

A

The practice of a successful political party giving public office positions to their supporters.

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10
Q

What was the nullification crisis?

A

Conflict between South Carolina and the federal government over state laws regarding federal tariffs.

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11
Q

What was the Indian Removal Act?

A

An act that pushed Native Americans out of their lands and further west.

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12
Q

Who was Martin Van Buren?

A

8th U.S. President and founder of the Democratic Party.

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13
Q

What was the Trail of Tears?

A

The result of the Indian Removal Act, leading to thousands of deaths.

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14
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

A period of societal and technological advancement.

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15
Q

What is a cotton gin?

A

A machine that separated seeds from cotton, significantly impacting slavery and the economy.

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16
Q

Who invented the cotton gin?

A

Eli Whitney.

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17
Q

What is Manifest Destiny?

A

The belief that it is America’s destiny to expand coast to coast and populate the west.

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18
Q

What was the Gold Rush?

A

A mass migration to California in 1849.

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19
Q

What was the Alamo?

A

A historical battleground in San Antonio, Texas, known for a heroic battle during the Mexican-American War.

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20
Q

What was the Texas annexation?

A

When the Republic of Texas, newly independent from Mexico, was admitted to the U.S.

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21
Q

What was the Mexican War?

A

A war over the dispute of the border line for Texas.

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22
Q

What is slavery?

A

A brutal institution of forced labor that evolved to be race-based.

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23
Q

What does pro-slavery mean?

A

Support for the institution of slavery.

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24
Q

What does anti-slavery mean?

A

Opposition to the institution of slavery, but not necessarily an abolitionist.

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25
What does 'Cotton is King' refer to?
A motto of the South emphasizing the economic importance of cotton.
26
What was the Missouri Compromise?
The 36°30' line that allowed Missouri (slave) and Maine (free) to be admitted to the Union.
27
What was the Compromise of 1850?
A series of five laws that included the Fugitive Slave Act and admitted California as a free state.
28
What was the Fugitive Slave Act?
An act that required slaves to be returned to their owners, even if in a free state.
29
Who was Nat Turner?
A free slave who led Nat Turner’s Rebellion.
30
What was the Underground Railroad?
A network of abolitionists and safe houses that helped slaves escape to freedom.
31
What is abolitionism?
The active fighting against slavery.
32
Who was Fredrick Douglass?
The most famous African-American abolitionist, published the 'North Star'.
33
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
A white abolitionist who published 'The Liberator'.
34
Who was Harriet Tubman?
A famous female African-American abolitionist; helped many slaves to freedom via the Underground Railroad.
35
What did Harriet Beecher Stowe write?
She wrote 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'.
36
What is 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'?
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, it was the most impactful book (novel) of its time (second to the Bible).
37
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Decided with popular sovereignty in 1854.
38
Who was Stephen Douglas?
Senator of Illinois, popular sovereignty advocate, brokered compromises in the West.
39
Who was James Buchanan?
The 15th U.S. president during the uprising to the Civil War; he didn't do much and was considered ineffective.
40
What was the Dred Scott case?
Slave Dred Scott sued for his freedom after his owner crossed from slave into free states with him.
41
What were the Lincoln/Douglas debates?
A series of seven debates that took place in Illinois for the senator position.
42
What is popular sovereignty?
The people’s decision.
43
What was Bleeding Kansas?
A period of time in Kansas when distress and violent behaviors took over due to the issue of slavery.
44
Who was John Brown?
An extremist abolitionist that led revolts and rebellions.
45
What was the Sumner/Brooks brawl?
Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner on the Senate floor after an anti-slavery speech.
46
What was the Republican Party's platform?
Created in 1854, its platform was to not let slavery expand westward, supporting Lincoln.
47
What happened at Harper’s Ferry?
Led by John Brown, his group attempted to start a slave revolt but failed.
48
What was the Election of 1860?
A presidential election in which Lincoln won against three other candidates as the Republican choice.
49
What is secession?
The act of leaving a federal union formally.
50
What are state’s rights?
Special laws that a state can make instead of the federal government.
51
What was Fort Sumter?
The first battle of the Civil War, located in Charleston, SC harbor.
52
What was the Anaconda Plan?
A strategy to surround the enemy like a snake, proposed by Winfield Scott.
53
Who was Winfield Scott?
The starting Chief of command for the Union, known as 'Old Ruff and Ready'.
54
What was the Battle of First Bull Run?
Fought on July 21, 1861; it was the first major land battle, fought in Manassas, Virginia.
55
What was the Battle of Antietam?
A turning point in the Civil War, fought on September 17, 1862.
56
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
A three-day famous battle fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, resulting in a Union win.
57
What was the Siege of Vicksburg?
A Union army win that resulted in the control of the Mississippi River.
58
What was the Appomattox surrender?
The courthouse where the Confederates surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant's Union army.
59
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
The president of the U.S. during the Civil War, assassinated during his second term.
60
Who was Jefferson Davis?
The president of the Confederacy.
61
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
The leader of the Union army in the Western Theater.
62
Who was William T. Sherman?
Ulysses S. Grant's right-hand man.
63
Who was George McClellan?
A Union general.
64
Who was Robert E. Lee?
The leader of the Confederate army, seen as a hero of the South.
65
Who was Thomas Stonewall Jackson?
Confederate general and Robert E. Lee's right hand man.
66
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
It declared that all slaves in Confederate states would be free.
67
What is the Gettysburg Address?
A speech by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the most famous speeches in U.S. history.
68
What is total war?
A warfare strategy that includes surrounding an area to control it and prohibiting anything from coming in or out, leading to starvation and surrender. ## Footnote An example of this is Vicksburg.
69
Who was John Wilkes Booth?
The assassin of Abraham Lincoln.
70
What was the 54th Massachusetts?
An African-American volunteer infantry regiment for the Union Army known for their performance at Fort Wagner in 1863.
71
What was the Civil War?
A war between the Union (North) and Confederacy (South) over the issue of slavery.
72
What is the Confederacy?
The southern side that supported slavery and consisted of states that seceded from the Union.
73
What is the Union?
The northern side that did not support slavery.
74
What were the border states?
Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia (after 1863), Maryland, and Delaware.
75
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Ended slavery.
76
What did the 14th Amendment guarantee?
Guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law.
77
What did the 15th Amendment do?
Gave African-American men the right to vote.
78
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
An organization that helped freedmen become independent during the transition from slavery to freedom.
79
Who were the Radical Republicans?
A faction within the Republican Party that supported Reconstruction in the South.
80
Who was Andrew Johnson?
The president who took office after Lincoln was assassinated.
81
What was the Compromise of 1877?
An unwritten political agreement used to resolve disputes over the 1876 election. ## Footnote Also known as the Wormley Agreement.
82
Who were Scalawags?
White Southerners who supported the Republicans and Reconstruction.
83
Who were Carpetbaggers?
Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction to seize wealth and political power.
84
What is sharecropping?
A system of farming where landowners provided land, tools, and housing to tenant farmers in exchange for a portion of the harvest.
85
What were Black Codes?
Discriminatory laws made by the South to promote racism and undermine African-Americans.
86
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
A white Southern terrorist group that terrorized African Americans, creating conditions worse than slavery.

Honors American History (5 decks)

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