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Physiology 305 > Final Flashcards > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Thymus

A

thymosin, thymopoietin

T lymphocyte division and maturation

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2
Q

Heart

A

Atrial Natriuretic peptide

inhibits sodium reabsorption in kidney tubules

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3
Q

Kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

Red blood cells production in bone marrow

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4
Q

Stomach

A

gastrin

stimulates acid production in stomach, intestinal motility

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5
Q

Small intestine

A

secretin, choleysystokinin, glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
regulate gastrointestinal motility & secretion, liver & pancreas exocrine secretion

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6
Q

Liver

A

insulin-like growth factors

promote tissue growth

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7
Q

Skin Liver kidney

A

1,25 - dihydroxy vitamin D

Promotes calcium absorption by the intestine

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8
Q

Hypothalamus hormones

A

releasing and inhibiting hormones TRH CRG GnRH GHRH somatostatin, PrRP dopamine

targets: anterior pituitary
function: control and release of anterior pituitary hormones

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9
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone ADH)

oxytocin

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10
Q

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)

A

targets kidney tubules and increases H2O reabsorption and arterioles producing vasoconstriction

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11
Q

Oxytocin

A 
uterus: increases contractility
mammary glands (breasts) causes milk ejection
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12
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A 
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
GH growth hormone
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
LH luteinizing hormone
PRL prolactin 
Melatonin
Tetraiodothyronine tri iodothyronine T3 & T4
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13
Q

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone

A

targets thyroid follicular cells stimulates T3 and T4 secretion

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14
Q

ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

target: zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex
stimulates cortical secretion

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15
Q

GH growth hormone

A

targets bone and soft tissues
is essential but not solely responsible for growth and exerts metabolic effects, indirectly stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue, directly stimulates protein synthesis, mobilizes fat, and conserves glucose by means of IGF-I
Also targets liver to stimulate IGF-I secretion

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16
Q

FSH follicle stimulating hormone

A

females: ovarian follicles to promote follicular growth and development, stimulates estrogen secretion
males: seminiferous tubules in testes stimulates sperm production

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17
Q

Luteinizing hormone LH

A

females: ovarian follicle and copus luteum stimulates ovulation, corpus luteum development, and estrogen and progesterone secretion
Males: interstitial cells of Leydig in testes stimulates testosterone secretion

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18
Q

Prolactin PRL

A

females: mammary glands promotes breast development stimulates milk secretion
males: uncertain

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19
Q

Melatonin

A

targets brain anterior pituitary, reproductive organs and possibly others
entrains body’s biological rhythm with external cues, inhibits gonadotropins, reduction most likely initiates puberty, acts as an antioxidant

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20
Q

T3 & T4

A

targets most cells

increases metabolic rate, is essential for normal growth and nerve development

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21
Q

Calcitonin

A

targets: bone, decreases plasma Ca2+ concentration

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22
Q

Aldosterone mineralcorticoid

A

targets kidney tubules increases NA+ reabsorption and K+ secretion

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23
Q

pineal gland

A

melatonin

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24
Q

Thyroid gland follicular cells and c cells

A

follicular = T3 & T4

C cells = calcitonin

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25
Adrenal cortex
aldosterone (zona glomerulosa) | cortisol (zona fasciculata and zona reticularis) androgens
26
cortisol
targets most cells | increases blood glucose at the expense of protein and fat stores, contributes to stress adaptation
27
androgens
females: targets hair follicles and brain | promotes axillary and pubic hair growth and sex drive
28
epinephrine and norepinephrine
target: sympathetic receptor sites throughout the body | reinforce sympathetic nervous system, contribute to stress adaptation and blood pressure regulation
29
insulin ( beta cells)
targets most cells promotes cellular uptake use and storage of absorbed nutrients
30
glucagon (alpha cells)
targets most cells, is important for maintaining nutrient levels in blood during the post-absorptive state
31
somatostatin (D cells)
targets digestive system inhibits digestion and absorption of nutrients
32
PTH parathyroid hormone
bone, kidneys and intestine | increases plasma Ca2+ and decreases plasma PO43- concentrations, stimulates vitamin D activation
33
estrogen (estradiol)
female sex organs and body as a whole promotes follicular development governs development of female secondary sexual characteristics, stimulates uterine and breast growth also targets bone to enhance pubertal growth spurt, promotes closure of epiphyseal plate
34
Progesterone
targets uterus prepares for pregnancy
35
testosterone
male sex organs and body as a whole to stimulate sperm production, governs development of male secondary sexual characteristics, promtoes sex drive targets bone to enhance pubertal growth spurt, promotes closure of epiphyseal plate
36
inhibin
targets anterior pituitary inhibits secretion of FSH
37
estrogen (estriol) and progesterone
targets female sex organs helps maintain pregnancy prepare breasts for lactation
38
hCH human chorionic gonadotropin
targets ovarian corpus luteum maintains corpus luteum of pregnancy
39
renin (by activating angiotensin)
targets zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex (acted on by angiotensin which is activated by renin) stimulates aldosterone secretion, angiotensin II is also potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates thirst
40
erythropoietin
targets: bone marrow | stimulates erythrocyte production
41
Ghrelin
targets hypothalamus | signals hunger, stimulates appetite
42
Gastrin and CCK secretin and choleystokinin
digestive tract, exocrine glands, smooth muscles, pancreas, liver gallbladder control motility and secretion to facilitate digestive and absorptive processes
43
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide GIP
targets: endocrine pancreas | stimulates insulin secretion
44
Peptide YY
targets hypothalamus signals satiety suppresses appetite
45
insulin like growth factor IGF-I
bone and soft tissue | promotes growth
46
thrombopoietin
stimulates platelet production
47
Hepcidin
targets intestine | inhibits iron absorption into blood
48
Vitamin D
targets intestine | increases absorption of ingested Ca2+ and PO43-
49
Thymosin
targets T-lymphocytes, enhances T lymphocyte proliferation and function
50
Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides ANP BNP
targets kidney tubules | inhibit NA+ reabsorption
51
Leptin
targets hypothalamus | suppresses appetite, is important in long term control of body weight
52
other adipokines
multiple sites, play a role in metabolism and inflammation
53
adrenal medulla hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
54
endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
``` beta cells (insulin) alpha cells ( glucagon) and D cells (somatostatin) ```
55
Parathyroid gland hormones
PTH parathyroid hormone
56
female gonads (ovaries hormones)
estrogen, progesterone
57
Male gonads testes hormones
testosterone
58
testes and ovaries hormone
inhibin
59
placenta hormones
estrogen (estriol) and progesterone hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
60
kidney hormones
renin | erythropoietin
61
stomach hormones
ghrelin, gastrin
62
small intestine hormones
CCK cholecystokinin and secretin | GIP glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, peptide YY
63
Liver hormones
insulin like growth factor IGF-I thrombopoietin hepcidin
64
skin
vitamin D
65
Thymus
Thymosin
66
Heart
atrial and brain natriuretic peptides ANP BNP
67
adipose tissue
leptin, other adipokines

Physiology 305 (5 decks)

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