Final Grammar Test

Question 1

what are the parts of speech

Answer 1

• noun
• verb
• adjective
• adverb
• pronoun
• conjunction
• preposition
• interjection

Question 2

what is an adverb

Answer 2

a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

Question 3

list the coordinating conjunctions

Answer 3

For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So

Question 4

what can coordinating conjunctions join?

Answer 4

• two nouns
• two verbs
• two prep phrases
• two clauses of equal importance

Question 5

what is a subordinating conjunction

Answer 5

these conjunctions join two or more clauses by making the other clause(s) “subordinate” to the main clause. The subordinate clauses cannot stand alone.

Question 6

examples of subordinating conjunctions

Answer 6

since, although, before, when, while, because

Question 7

action verbs

Answer 7

state the action done by the subject

Question 8

linking verbs

Answer 8

show a state of being (can usually be replaced by = )

Question 9

helping verbs

Answer 9

help the action and linking verbs by showing a tense or mood

-the helping verb is never last

Question 10

predicate adjectives

Answer 10

functions like a predicate noun-comes after a linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence

Question 11

functions of the noun

Answer 11

• subject
• direct object
• object of the preposition
• indirect object
• appositive
• predicate nominative
• object complement

Question 12

what makes up a clause

Answer 12

a subject + verb

Question 13

independent clauses

Answer 13

can stand by themselves. They can be sentences.

Question 14

dependent clauses

Answer 14

cannot stand by themselves. depend on an independent clause to make a complete sentence

Question 15

adjective clauses

Answer 15

a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun

Question 16

adverb clauses

Answer 16

a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

Question 17

noun clauses

Answer 17

a dependent clause that acts like a noun that has a noun function

Question 18

how can independent clauses be linked

Answer 18

• with a comma and coordinating conjunction

- with a semicolon

Question 19

how can dependent clauses be punctuated

Answer 19

• introductory adverbial phrases are set off with a comma
• adverbial clauses that are not introductory are not set off with a comma
• non essential phrases and clauses are set off with commas

Question 20

what are the sentence types

Answer 20

• simple
• compound
• complex
• compound-complex

Question 21

simple sentence

Answer 21

contains 1 independent clause and no dependent clause

Question 22

compound sentence

Answer 22

contains 2+ independent clauses

Question 23

complex sentence

Answer 23

contains 1 independent clause and 1+ dependent clause

Question 24

compound-complex sentence

Answer 24

contains 2+ independent clauses and 1+ dependent clauses

Question 25

comparative degree

Answer 25

two things, persons, or actions are compared - Jingles is smarter than his brother, Rudolph. - Rudolph, however, plays the piano more beautifully.

Question 26

superlative degree

Answer 26

three or more things, persons, or actions are compared - Most people agree that Jingle is the smartest gerbil in the country. - Of all the gerbils I know, Rudolph plays the piano most beautifully.

Question 27

object compliment (OC)

Answer 27

``` a noun (or adjective or pronoun) that completes the action of a verb by explaining more about the direct object. To have an OC, there must be a DO. Usually you can insert "to be" between the DO and the OC. -My cousin appointed me photographer for the ducks. ```

Question 28

gerund

Answer 28

- always end in -ing and function as the noun in the sentence - can serve any noun function

Question 29

participle

Answer 29

-most often end in -ing or -ed (or the other past tense of the adjective e.g. broken) and always function as adjectives

Question 30

the infinitive

Answer 30

- to + verb | - can function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns

Question 31

absolute phrases

Answer 31

- starts with a noun followed by a participle - is not a subject - does not modify any word in the sentence - is always separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma - sets the conditions under which the rest of the sentence will be understood

Question 32

the gerund phrase

Answer 32

- consist of a gerund along with any modifiers | - can only function as nouns

Question 33

participial phrase

Answer 33

- beings with a participle and includes any objects or modifiers - only function as adjectives

Question 34

infinitive phrase

Answer 34

- consists of an infinitive along with any objects and modifiers - function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs

Question 35

prepositional phrases

Answer 35

- beings with a preposition followed by any modifiers of the object - can function as adjectives or adverbs

Question 36

appositive phrases

Answer 36

- a group of words that function as an appositive | - renames or identifies a noun