Final I.D.s

Question 1

Chain Migration

Answer 1

• sponsoring your family
• movement in which prospective migrants learn of opportunities, are provided with transportation, and have initial accommodation and employment arranged by means of primary social relationships with previous migrants

Question 2

Mahu

Answer 2

• Hawaiian and Tahitian third gender; someone who possesses both masculine and feminine characteristics
• also used to describe transgender and gay in contemporary Hawaii

Question 3

Brain Drain

Answer 3

• the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country.
• ex. Indian doctors, Filipino nurses

Question 4

Pink collar labor

Answer 4

• term developed in 1970s to describe jobs primarily held by women
• ex. nurses, school teachers, retail, service
• feminized labor

Question 5

Filipino nurses

Answer 5

• highly skilled all over the world
• make high income and send money back home to families
• high demand for nursing educations in the Philippines
• an example of brain drain

Question 6

1965 Immigration Act

Answer 6

• aka Hart-Cellar Immigration and National Act
• abolished an earlier quota system based on national origin and established a new immigration policy based on reuniting immigrant families and attracting skilled labor to the United States
• allowed 20k people per country per year
• created greater racial diversity
• also more class diversity but socioeconomically bimodal

Question 7

Decolonization

Answer 7

• the undoing of colonialism (where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over one or more other territories)
• gives back political power to a country/territory
• but sometimes effects of colonization so deep that it’s hard to decolonize culture, gender, religion, etc.
• ex. Hawaiian cultures/luaus

Question 8

Cosmetic surgery

Answer 8

• Asian/Asian American women get surgery to try to meet beauty standards imposed by European beauty standards
• ex. double eyelid surgery, nose job

Question 9

Transnational adoption

Answer 9

• adoption of children born in one nation to parents from another nation
• Harry Holt established a lot of transnational adoption centers in US
• many adoptions from Korea
• adoption parents many times were not screened and checked if suitable parents. Many also forgot to fill out naturalization papers so many children got deported

Question 10

Amerasians

Answer 10

• a term coined by the author and activist Pearl S. Buck to describe children of American servicemen and Asian mothers
• significant populations in Philippines because there are the most US /airnaval bases there than in any other country

Question 11

Camptowns

Answer 11

• formed around US military bases in South Korea
• bars, restaurants, clubs where American men can have sex with prostitutes
• prostitutes were usually Korean women from poor backgrounds who oftentimes were tricked into prostitution; thought they were signing up for a different job, some trafficked
• women suffered sexual abuse, disease, emotional abuse
• many others married American men and had kids
• exploitation of female Asian sexuality

Question 12

War brides

Answer 12

-War bride is a term used in reference to foreign women who married military personnel in times of war or during their military occupations of foreign countries, especially–but not exclusively–during World War I and World War II

Question 13

Colorism

Answer 13

• Within-group and between-group prejudice in favor of lighter skin color
• which people are treated differently based on the social meanings attached to skin color
• color stratification present in all ethnicities
• in many places of the world, people buy products to lighten skin and/or prevent skin from tanning
• papaya soap, visors, masks, other skin bleaching products

Question 14

Comfort Women

Answer 14

• women and girls forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army in occupied territories before and during World War II
• reasons: maintain morale of Japanese soldiers, keep them loyal, prevent mass rapes, women as body barriers
• ~200,000 women and girls
• 80% from Korea, others from Philippines, Burma, Taiwan, Vietnam, etc.
• 75% did not survive due to disease, violence, starvation
• used younger girls because no transfers of STIs
• were stigmatized for a long time but women are finally speaking out against it - apologies from Japan

Question 15

War Brides Act

Answer 15

• was enacted to allow alien spouses, natural children, and adopted children of members of the United States Armed Forces to enter the U.S. as non-quota immigrants after World War II
• allowed for increased female immigration to US especially from China (Chinese Exclusion Act was still in place)
• many women from European and Asian descent
• also opened up immigration from Japan - helped reconstruct Japanese culture that was lost during interment period

Question 16

Interracial Marriage

Answer 16

• marriage between two people of different races
• many times Asian women with white men
• stigmatized - those with American boyfriends thought to be prostitutes
• sexualization of Asian women by military

Question 17

Yuri Kochiyama

Answer 17

• Japanese-American activist who fought for civil rights causes in the black, Latino, Native American and Asian-American communities
• was a the scene of Malcolm X’s death
• was both admired and criticized for her unapologetic statements about the US and its role in the world

Question 18

Yuri Kochiyama

Answer 18

• Japanese-American activist who fought for civil rights causes in the black, Latino, Native American and Asian-American communities
• was at the scene of Malcolm X’s death
• was both admired and criticized for her unapologetic statements about the US and its role in domestic and foreign affairs in regards to oppression

Question 19

Asian American Movement

Answer 19

• a sociopolitical movement in which the widespread grassroots effort of Asian Americans affected racial, social and political change in the U.S, reaching its peak in the late 1960s to mid-1970s
• anti-war and anti-imperialist
• had no place in white women’s movements so they formed their own
• urban young college women

Question 20

I-Hotel

Answer 20

• was a low-income single-room-occupancy residential hotel in San Francisco, California’s Manilatown
• AS AM heavy
• City started evicting people without finding replacement homes in order to gentrify area
• would leave many elderly tenants without home so In response, housing activists, students, community members, and tenants united to protest and resist eviction
• hotel was demolished and tenants evicted anyway