Final-immune cells

Question 1

Innate Immune cells

Answer 1

Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Natural Killer cells
Complement system

Question 2

Adaptive Immune cells

Answer 2

B cell
Helper CD4 T Cells
Cytotoxic CD8 T Cells

Question 3

Granulocytes

Answer 3

Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils

Question 4

Innate cells that identify pathogens using TLR

Answer 4

Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell
Macrophages & Dendritic Cells

Question 5

Innate cells that identify using MBL

Answer 5

Complement system

*harmful to pathogens with membrane

Question 6

Innate cells that use phagocytosis

Answer 6

Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell
Macrophage/Dendritic Cell

Question 7

Innate cells that use degranulation to harm pathogens

Answer 7

Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell

Question 8

Innate cells that use Histamine to harm pathogens

Answer 8

Basophils

Mast cells

Question 9

Eosinophil (Identification & Reaction)

Answer 9

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

• Phagocytosis
• Degranulation

Question 10

Basophil (Identification & Reaction)

Answer 10

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

• Degranulation
• Histamine

Question 11

Neutrophil (Identification & Reaction)

Answer 11

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

• Degranulation
• Phagocytosis
• NETs

Question 12

Mast Cell (Identification & Reaction)

Answer 12

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

• Degranulation
• Histamines
• Phagocytosis

Question 13

Macrophages/Dendritic Cells (Identification & Reaction)

Answer 13

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

• Phagocytosis
• Communication

Question 14

Natural Killer Cells Rxn

Answer 14

Apoptosis

Question 15

Complement System (Identification & Reaction)

Answer 15

Identifies via MBL

Rxn:
-Protein cascade

Question 16

B Cell (Identification & Rxn)

Answer 16

Identifies via Membrane Bound Antibody

Rxn:

• phagocytosis
• production of antibodies

Question 17

Chemoral Immunity

Answer 17

Helper T Cells communicate with B Cells for antibody production

Question 18

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Answer 18

Helper T Cells & Cytotoxic (CD8) Cells communicate with eachother to induce apoptosis

Question 19

Helper CD4 T Cells (Identification & Rxn)

Answer 19

Identify via MHC

Rxn: recruit B Cells and CD8 T Cells

Question 20

Cytotoxic CD8 T cells (Identification & Rxn)

Answer 20

Identify via MHC

Rxn:
-induce apoptosis

Question 21

Ige antibody

Answer 21

enhances innate immune system to identify pathogen

Question 22

Cells good against Bacteria

Answer 22

Everything but Natural Killer Cells

-cannot induce apoptosis in bacteria unless hiding in host cell

Question 23

Cells good against Virus

Answer 23

Everything but Basophils

*sometimes complementary if it has a membrane

Question 24

Cells good against parasites

Answer 24

Granulocytes & complement system if large

Mast cell/macrophage if small

NOT Natural Killers

Question 25

Primary response

Answer 25

First exposure to pathogen | T cells detect and multiply-leaving memory T cells

Question 26

Secondary response

Answer 26

response to second+ exposure to antigen - memory T cells activated - ->quicker response

Question 27

DNA integration (virus)

Answer 27

Viral genome integrated into host genome Adv: - cannot be detected by immune system when no viral proteins are being produced - duplicated every time host cell undergoes mitosis Dis: -causes disruption of host genome, could hinder viral replication

Question 28

Episomal DNA (virus)

Answer 28

Viral genome within nucleus but outside the host genome Adv: - not detected by immune system when no viral proteins produced (same as integrated) - no need to bring genes needed for integration - does not disrupt host genome Dis: - risk that it will not be replicated during cell division - ->not good for highly dividing cells

Question 29

Vaccines

Answer 29

expose host to intert pathogen - immune system hinders pathogen - most prophylactic, few therapeutic *preventitive (must be given before pathogen)

Question 30

Drugs

Answer 30

give host molecule that directly hinders pathogen - most therapeutic - target something in the pathogen that the host doesn't have

Question 31

HIV mechanism of infection

Answer 31

1. HIV virus has envelope proteins (GP120 & GP41) - CD4 T cells are the target of HIV (CD4 is surface protein) 2. GP120 binds to CD4 protein-brings virus closer to membrane 3. This allows for GP41 to bind to the CCR5 receptor 4. Endocytosis of viral envelope-->viral RNA enters cell 5. Viral RNA uses reverse transcriptase to become viral DNA 6. Enters nucleus-integrates into genome 7. Viral replication occurs

Question 32

Graft vs host disease

Answer 32

The transplanted graft (containing immune system of donor) reacts TO THE HOST (recipient). -Recipient must be given immunosuppressants to prevent the immune reactions

Question 33

Positive control

Answer 33

the control that says the experiment was successful | experimental group and positive control should match

Question 34

Negative control

Answer 34

the control that says the experiment is not successful | don't want experiment to match negative control