FINAL IMPORTANT VOCAB Flashcards
Humanism
The educational interest in studying classical texts, values, culture, and styles of Greece and Rome. Humanism helped to start a liberal arts education that is based on the classics, rhetoric, and history.
Christian Humanism
A branch of humanism that was common in northern Europe. Like the Italians, Christian humanists studied classical texts; however, they wanted to give humanism a Christian context. Christian humanists like Desiderius Erasmus were committed to religious piety and institutional reform
Vernacular
The everyday language of a country or region. Many humanists all wanted to improve their vernacular. Erasmus was the exception and wrote in latin
New monarchies
Monarchs who created professional armies and tried to centralize government. New monarchs also new known for negotiating with Ferdinand and Isabelle.
Taille
S tax on the peasants of Paris. The French monarchies made most of their money of the Taille.
Reconquista
The Christians “reconquest” of Spain from the Muslims. The Reconquista culminated in 1492 with the conquest of the last Muslim stronghold, Granada.
Indulgence
A certificate from the pope that stated that the soul of a loved one would have their time in purgatory reduced or cancelled. These certificates were sold for a fee.
Anabaptist
Protestants who insisted that only adult baptism was sacred . Protestant and catholic leaders rejected anabaptists for advocating complete separation of church and state
Predestination
A belief that was held by John Calvin and his supporters that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved and who won’t.
Huguenots
French protestants who followed John Calvin.
Politiques
Rulers who put political necessities above personal beliefs. For example, Henry IV of France and Elizabeth I of England subordinated theological controversies in order to achieve political unity.
Columbian exchange
The interchange of plants,animals,diseases, and human populations between the Old World (Africa, Europe, and Asia) and the new world ( the America’s.)
Mercantilism
An Economic philosophy that called for close government regulation of the economy. Mercantilists wanted to build a strong, self- sufficient economy by maximizing exports and limiting imports, and also acquiring colonies ad sources of raw materials and markets for goods. This system allowed countries to become very wealthy.
Putting-out system
A preindustrial manufacturing system in which materials were brought to people who worked in their own homes. For example, watch manufacturers in Swiss towns employed villages to make parts for their products. The system allowed for business owners to avoid restrictive guild regulations.
Joint- stock company
A system in which many people would contribute in a venture too large for any of them to undertake alone. They shared profits in proportion to the amount they invested. This system was often used to finance new world colonies.
