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Psychology Social World > Final Jeopardy > Flashcards

Final Jeopardy Flashcards

1
Q 
The memory store of the Modal
Model of memory, which
“holds” information for up to 30
seconds for analysis and has a
limited capacity
(7 plus or minus 2 items).
A

Short-term or Working memory

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2
Q 
A reconstructive process, in
which we actively organize
and shape information as it
is processed, stored, and
retrieved.
A

Memory

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3
Q 
The tendency to accurately
recall words from the beginning
of the list (due to storage in
Long-term memory from the
use of rehearsal or repetition).
A

Primacy effect

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4
Q 
The tendency for participants
who are asked, “How fast were
the cars going when they
bumped into each other?” to
give slower estimates of speed
compared to those who are
asked, “How fast were the cars
going when they smashed into
each other?”
A

Misinformation Effect

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5
Q

The type of memory that
is usually associated with
the “I know that”
attribution.

A

Semantic Memory

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6
Q

An empirical exploration of
what makes life worth living
and building the enabling
conditions of a life worth living.

A

Positive Psychology

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7
Q

The amazing ability to bounce
back and even thrive in the
face of serious life challenges

A

Resilience

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8
Q

The Father of Positive

Psychology

A

Martin Seligman

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9
Q

Positive Psychology has is roots

in what school of psychology.

A

Humanistic

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10
Q

The term given to the
dissatisfaction experienced
when presented with many
choices.

A

Paradox of Choice

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11
Q

Disorder characterized by
persistent thoughts and the
need to perform repetitive acts.

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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12
Q

A rare mood disorder characterized
by wild fluctuations from mania to
depression.

A

Bipolar Disorder

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13
Q

A personality disorder
characterized by instability in
one’s identity, mood, and social
relationships

A

Borderline Personality Disorder

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14
Q

Type of schizophrenia that
involves motor disturbances
such as immobility or wild
activity.

A

Catatonic

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15
Q 
People with substance-related
disorders also commonly suffer
from other psychological
disorders,
a condition known as this.
A

Comorbidity

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16
Q

A group of psychotic
disorders, characterized by a
general loss of contact with
reality.

A

Schizophrenia

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17
Q

An unreasonable fear of some

environmental stimulus.

A

Phobia

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18
Q

The disorder that a serial killer

would likely be diagnosed with.

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

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19
Q

The manual that provides
detailed descriptions of the key
symptoms of abnormal
behavior.

A

DSM-V-TR

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20
Q 
A mental disorder characterized
by the presence of two or more
distinct personality systems in
the same person at different
times.
(hint: not Schizophrenia)
A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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21
Q

The tendency to ignore
information that contradicts
one’s thinking.

A

Confirmation Bias

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22
Q 
The role of this can be seen in
Identical twins, separately
adopted at birth,
score similarly on intelligence
tests when grown.
A

Genetics

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23
Q 
Cultural differences in
ways of thinking emerge
with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
as demonstrated in the
“Thoughts of Future”
experiment.
A

Age

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24
Q 
The direction that this bus is
most likely moving when it is
driving forward.
(Hint: children are better at solving this
problem).
A

Left

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25
Q 
Persistence in using
problem-solving
strategies that have
worked in the past.
Sometimes prevents
one from seeing
simple solutions
(e.g., 9 dot problem)
A

Mental set

26
Q

Estimating the probability of
something based on how well
circumstances match (or
represent) a previous prototype

A

Representativeness Heuristic

27
Q

Judging the likelihood
(frequency) of an event based
on how readily available other
instances are in memory.

A

Availability Heuristic

28
Q

Those who miss this will
most likely never attain
normal language ability.

A

Critical Period of Language

Development

29
Q

The part of language that
children like Genie and other
“Wild Children” most likely do
NOT to develop.

A

Grammar

30
Q 
Proponent of a nature &
nurture perspective of
language development.
He suggested that language
is an inborn capacity that
develops primarily by
maturation, but there is a
critical period for learning it.
A

Noam Chomsky

31
Q 
The study of the forces (both
biological and social) that
shape and motivate individuals,
forming their minds and
personality.
A

Psychology

32
Q 
A prediction about future
behaviors derived from
observation and theories.
(AKA: an educated guess of what
will happen in a research study,
based on review of the previous
research literature).
A

Hypothesis

33
Q 
The bias after hearing a
research result that makes the
research finding seem like
common sense or something
“we knew all along.”
A

Hindsight Bias

34
Q

Indicates a relationship exists
between two variables
(but does not imply causation).”

A

Correlation

35
Q

The variable that is
manipulated by the
experimenter
(i.e., the cause).

A

The Independent Variable

36
Q

The part of the brain that is
responsible for executive
functioning and inhibitory
control.

A

The Frontal Lobe

37
Q

Chemical messengers in the
brain
(e.g., dopamine)

A

Neurotransmitters

38
Q

The part of the brain that HM’s
doctors removed and as a
result he was not able to learn
anything since his surgery.

A

The Hippocampus

39
Q

The part of the brain that plays

a role in speech production.

A

Broca’s Area

40
Q

The part of the brain that is
responsible for comprehension
of speech.

A

Wernicke’s Area

41
Q

“The way of life of a people.”

A

Culture

42
Q

An attitude with which
members of one society judge
another society according to
their own standards.

A

Ethnocentrism

43
Q 
The social cognition bias that
attributes behavior to stable,
personality characteristics
instead of dynamic
environmental or situational
factors.
(hint: people from
individualistic cultures are more
likely to commit it).
A

Fundamental Attribution Error

44
Q 
The type of culture in which the
members think that an
individual’s success is due to
forces outside of the individual
(“it’s someone else’s fault that
I succeeded”).
A

Collectivistic Cultures

45
Q

The most significant product of
culture, providing for its
development and transmission.

A

Language

46
Q 
The type of thinker that tends
to pay attention to objects and
their attributes instead of
associations. As a result this
type of thinker is likely to say
that “CARROT” does not belong
in a list that includes DOG,
RABBIT, and CARROT.
A

Analytic Thinkers

47
Q 
What you are a suffering from
when you momentarily cannot
recognize a person, whom you
never see in a grocery store,
approaches you in a grocery
store.
A

Context Effect

48
Q 
This way of processing
increases the likelihood that
you will perceive an “H”
between the “T” & “E”,
but you perceive an “A”
between the “C” & “T”.
Hint: why we miss spelling and grammatical
errors when proofreading our own papers
A

Top Down Processing

49
Q 
A byproduct of our attention
system working well, where we
are slower at naming “red”
when shown the word GREEN
compared to naming “red”
when shown the word RED.
A

Stroop Effect

50
Q

People who are raised in this
type of environment are more
susceptible to the
Mueller-Lyer Illusion.

A

Carpentered World

51
Q 
A factor included in many
African definitions of
intelligence,
but absent from most Western
definitions of intelligence.
A

Social Skills or

Social Competence

52
Q

The type of intelligence
associated with the ability to
delay gratification.

A

Emotional Intelligence

53
Q 
The artificial deflation of IQ
scores in some ethnic groups
that results from anxiety
related to concerns with
stereotypes.
A

Stereotype Threat Phenomenon

54
Q

The idea that intelligence is
determined by biological and
environmental factors.

A

“Developed Ability”

55
Q

The person who developed the first formal intelligence test
designed to measure capacity
for individuals to participate
effectively in Western schools.

A

Alfred Binet

56
Q 
The understanding that
things continue to exist
even when they are not
seen, heard, or felt.
(hint: According to Piaget, a
child in the sensorimotor stage
of cognitive development has
no understanding of this)
A

Object Permanence

57
Q 
The level of moral
development that most
people in the U.S. and
most village and tribal
cultures never reach.
A

Post Conventional

58
Q 
The cognitive stage of
development in which a child
will say, “The flattened piece of
clay is larger” after Step 2
shown below.
A

Preoperational

59
Q

The age at which some infants
begin to exhibit object
permanence.

A

3 months

60
Q 
The patterns we develop as
infants that are highly likely to
carry over into similar patterns
in our adult romantic
relationships.
A

Attachment

61
Q 
McKayla is most likely suffering
from this disorder. She has
become preoccupied by an
imaginative deformity on her
face. She often avoids going
out in public and has even
looked into corrective surgery.
A

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Psychology Social World (1 decks)

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