Final material continued Flashcards
(25 cards)
L 33 cont What is the Nitrogen cycles biological process?
Bacterial activity, N fixing bacteria into usable form
Is the Nitrogen cycle gaseous or sedimentary?
gaseous, mostly store din atmosphere
Does the N cycle have dryfall or wetfall?
Both, wetfall causes deposiiton of N2 and so does dryfall.
What are some human impacts on the N cycle?
artificial fertilizer which causes algal bloom and leads to excess N2.
What are the biological processes in the phosphorus cycle?
decompositon of soil matter to uptake P and converting pi to po through plant death
Is the phosphorus cycle gaseous or sedimentary?
sedimentary,
Does the P cycle have wetfall or dryfall?
dryfall, p transported through dust from urban projects and sea spray (air)
What are human impacts on the P cycle?
Same as N cycle, if excess fertilizer can cause alagal bloom and eutrophication
What patterns do we see in rising atmospheric CO2?
season variation and more emission in N hemisphere dye to more landmass and industrial activity
What are the consequences of rising CO2?
green house effect, ocean acidification, and plant quality (some plants get low quality if too much CO2 emissions)
L19 Define competition?
An interaction between individuals
for limited resources that reduces survival, growth,
and/or fertility
What is competition a consequence of?
is an inevitable consequence of increasing
population size and limited resources
What is intraspecific competition?
Competition between individuals of the same
species
What is interspecific competiton?
Competition between individuals of different species
What form of competition is more common?
Intraspecific is more common, this is because reproduction requires interaction and since the same species occupy the same place you’ll get more competition
How does interspecific competition be reduced or eliminated over time?
traits in one or both species evolve which stops them from competing, hard to with intra because these are reproducing together and living together.
What is interference?
is a direct interaction between individuals, they both have a neg effect on eachother, examples of this is aggressive behaviour, defending territory and fighting for food
What is exploitative?
Is a type of competiton where individuals harm eachother by taking up resources before others can
What are the 6 mechanisms of interspecific competition?
Consumption: one species inhibits another by consuming a shared
resource
2. Pre-emption: a primarily sessile organism occupies a physical
resource, therefore making it less available to others
e.g. a barnacle occupying space in the intertidal
3. Over-growth: when one organism grows
directly over another, with or without
direct contact
(for example plants and competition for light
Chemical interactions (allelopathy): chemical
growth inhibitors or toxins produced to inhibit
growth
5. Territoriality: aggressive behaviour to exclude
others from units of space e.g. red wood ants in
multi-party territory battles
6. Encounter Competition: non-territorial
encounters between foraging individuals
How does competition work in plants?
the competition is over a smaller scale, immediate neighbours are more important than the size of the toal popln, the size variation in plants varies even intraspecifically so that also effects competition, and plants all need non subsuitable resouces ie water sunlight etc
How do plants avoid competition?
They evolved seed dispersal mechanisms to avoid it, plants can’t move so they instead made their neighbours their offspring.
What determines the value K in competiton?
Intraspecific competition
What happens to K if say half the nutrients is available for an organism?
It reaches a lower K, approx half ots value if it had full nutrients
P caudatum in Gause experiment was quickly excluded when half the resources were available, what does this mean?
It means resources are the driving factor of competition
