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Cognitive Psychology > Final New > Flashcards

Final New Flashcards

1
Q

Ravens progressive matrices

A
  • tests ability to grasp how things are related and what goes with what
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2
Q

Sternbergs triarchic theory

A

3 content areas in intelligent behaviour:

  • analytic intelligence
  • practical intelligence
  • creative intelligence
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3
Q

Sternbergs triarchic theory- all content areas of intelligence make use of same 3 intellectual components:

A

1) meta components (executive processes- planning)
2) performance components (task execution
3) knowledge acquisition components (processes used in learning and storing information)

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4
Q

What do expert problem solvers do?- physics: (chi, feltocivh & glazer)

A

Novices- surface features

Experts- physical principles releasing to solutions

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5
Q

Chas and Simon- what do experts do- chess

A
  • remember chess board positions
  • novices: poor
    Expert: excellent
    (Only when in legal configurations)
  • experts chunk, break down problems Ito meaningful subcomponents
  • each position mapped rich network representations
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6
Q

Creative discovery

A

Novel and socially valuable or useful

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7
Q

Problem- finding

A

The ability to discover new problems, their methods and solutions

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8
Q

Torrance test of creative thinking

A
  • try improve studies toy rabbit so that it will be more fun to play with
  • no one else think of, as many as possible, details
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9
Q

Associative hierarchy

A

Associations used for problem solving are arranged in a hierarchy

  • less obvious low
  • creative people more associations within same level hierarchy
  • leads to ability to access remote associations
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10
Q

Guilford’s Alternative uses task

A 
- name all uses for a brick:
Originality
Fluency
Flexibility
Elaboration
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11
Q

Remote associations test (RAT)

A

Identify works that links the 3 examples
- does expertise prevent solvers from reaching creative solutions?
1) baseball consistent trials
2) baseball inconsistent trials
Novices same both
Experts worse on inconsistent trials
- experts less able to make creative connections due to tendency to think in their area of expertise

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12
Q

Wallah stages of creativity

A

1) preparation
2) incubation
3) illumination- insight
4) verification

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13
Q

Smith & Blankenship- is incubation for real?

A
  • participants solve puzzles and were periodically given clues (often misleading)
  • control: 1 min per puzzl
    Experimental: 30 sec, another task, another 30 sec
  • performance better for experimental group
  • experimental group less likely remember cues
  • incubation improved performance because Ps forgot misleading clues
  • forget previous bad strategies
  • break increases cognitive dissonance
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14
Q

Tucking levels of consciousness

A

Autonoetic- self-knowing, corresponds to episodic memory
Noetic - knowing, corresponds to semantic memory
Anoetic- non- knowing, corresponds to procedural memory

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15
Q

Autonoetic consciousness

A

Mental time travel
- remember past and plan for future
- disrupted with frontal lobe damage (prefrontal leukotomy)
Chronesthesia- subjective sense of time

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16
Q

Schooler 3 levels of consciousness

A
  1. Non-consciousness; continuously monitors and changes the contents of though, tracking and changing behaviour to address immediate goals
  2. Conscious- simply aware
    4”3. Mets conscious- level of consciousness when you direct attention to your own state of
    Mind
17
Q

Blindsight

A

Condition in which a patient with damage to the primary visual cortex can make accurate judgments about objects presented to their blind area

18
Q

Encoding

A

The process of transforming info into one or more forms of representation
Wickens- unconscious and fast
- events can be encoded along several dimensions simultaneously

19
Q

Subliminal perception

A

Perception without awareness
- it occu s when the stimulus is tok weak to be consciously recognized but still has an impact on your behaviour
Linen= threshold

20
Q

Dissociation paradigm

A

An experimental strategy designed to show that it is possible to perceive stimuli in the absence of conscious awareness
Eg; backward masking, in attentional blindness

21
Q

Backward masking

A
  • invoices presenting a stimulus, called the target to the participant and covering or masking the target with another stimulus
  • or have a very brief interval between target and mask
  • direct and indirect responses measured to see if stimulus is detected and/ or has an influence on behaviour
22
Q

Mack &a rock- inattentional blindness

A
  • participants task was to judge relative length of line
  • word presented briefly in one of four quadrants
  • participants claimed to not notice word
  • participants later completed word completion task
  • participants significantly more accurate completing words they had unconsciously processed
23
Q

Process dissociation procedure

A
  • an experimental technique that requires participants not to respond with items they have previously observed
24
Q

Implicit perception

A

The effect of
An object on a person’s experience, action, or thought, in the absence of
Conscious perception

25
Q

Subjective thereshold

A
  • point at which a viewer claims. It to be able o perceive target
26
Q

Objective threshold

A

Level where target detection is no better than chance

27
Q

Rensink et al. Change detection task

A
  • two images, detect change
    Mask- less likely detect change
  • not almost immediate
  • switching rapidly between images creates a motion signal that directs attention to the change
28
Q

High-fidelity perception is not possible because

A
  1. Visual info degraded as it moves through visual organs to the brain
  2. Visual acuity is not the same across your whole field of vision (periphery)
  3. Visual experience interrupted by blinks & eye movements
  4. Blind spot
29
Q

How often are we consciously aware of our thought content: schooler et al.

A

Self- caught: participants monitor their consciousness & report anytime mind wandered
Probe- caught method: participants are presented with a probe asking them whether they were just mind wandering
- even though participants were consciously trying to monitor mental activity, mind wandering still caught by probes
- suggests that temporal dissociation between consciousness and metaconsciousnesses are frequent

30
Q

Lucid dreaming

A
  • state aware that we are dreaming

- hybrid state where muscle activity resembles R.E.M. sleep but eye movements (EOG) resemble waking state

31
Q

How do we study the relation between the brain and consciousness- chapter 2 types problems

A
  1. Easy problems- what types of conscious states relate to what type of neural activity
  2. Hard problems- why brian gives rise to specific subjective experiences
32
Q

Tony et al. Binocular rivalry

A
  • diff image to each participants eyes but have conscious perception for only one image at a time
  • can reliable report when the conscious switch occurs
  • switch corresponds to changes in activation in specific brain areas related to the content of the images (PPA objects, FFA faces)
  • track activity in brain as conscious switch occurs
33
Q

Kreiman et al. Flash suppression

A

-When diff images presented to each eye and then one image is replaced
- allows for
Experimental control of conscious switch
- neurons in temporal cortex are involved in visual consciousness of objects that we perceive
Rees et al noted that the parietal and prefrontal cortices were also active during
Conscious switched

34
Q

Visual hemispherical neglect

A
  • lack of visual awareness of objects located in the contalesional field
35
Q

King stone & gazAbiva : split brain

A

Rain- bow
Sky- scraper (one half presented each hemisphere) - patients drew literal combinations or the words
- suggests that neither hemisphere is conscious of the word presented to other hemisphere

36
Q

Body schema

A

The individuals schematic representation of his or her body

Cognitive Psychology (4 decks)

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