final notes Flashcards by rachel bunton

what three characteristics are needed to describe a photon?

velocity, frequency and wavelength

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The longer the wavelength the__

the lower the frequency

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The shorter the wavelength the __

the higher the frequency

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Frequency x velocity =

wavelength

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the distance between two crests in a wave __

wavelength

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the number of crests or cycles per second __

frequency ** measured in hertz**

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What is kinetic energy?

energy in motion

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As ___ increases, both intensity and energy are increased

kinetic energy

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unit of electrical charge

coulomb

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unit of electrical potential

volts

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unit of electrical current

amperage

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unit of electrical resistance

OHMS

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unit of electrical power

watts

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Electrostatic force is measured in__

newtons

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Resistance depends on?

material, length, cross sectional area and temperature

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Most used and advanced transformer, both primary and secondary coils wound around a central core for maximum effiency

shell type

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What voltage is needed to drive electrons across the tube with sufficient speed?

30,000-150,000 /30 to 150kv

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constant high voltage showing 6 pulses per second 1/60 sec

three phase

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single phase ripple

100%

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3 phase, 6 pulse ripple

13% –voltage never falls below 87%

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3 phase 12 pulse rippl

3.5% voltage never falls below 96.5%

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high frequency ripple

less than 1%

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x-ray tube acts as rectifier, no diodes, 100ma to 100kvp, used in dental offices

self rectification

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1 or 2 diodes, out puts 60 pulses per second

half-wave

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used in all stationary x-ray machines, positive voltage always impressed across tube, atleast 4 diodes

full rectification

Only allows current flow when higher potential placed on the P-side

p-n junction

Loosely bound electrons (arsenic or phosphorus doped)

N-type

contain electron traps (gallium or boron doped)

P-type

the x-ray tube window is how many cm?

5 cm squared

thermionic emission is controlled by?

filament current

Focusing cup works on__

electrostatic repulsion

Electrical conductor, thermal conductor, mechanical support

anode

Thermal conductor ____% of kinetic energy is heat and __% energy is x-rays

99% and 1 %

Rotating anode target angle ranges from

5-15 degrees

Anode diameter is __ larger= increases workload

3-5 inches

The lower the target angle the ___ the____, the greater the hear load

smaller, effective fss

Vacuum tube is made of

pyrex

tungstens high melting point is

3410 C

A filament made of and is how big?

tungsten, 2mm diameter 1 or 2 cm long

When electrons interact with target atoms at various depths

heel effect

radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side

heel effect

The heel effect is less pronounced at ?

increased SID, as size of film decreased, larger FSS

The image intensified is located where during flouro?

above table

The x-ray tube is located where during flouro?

under table

The x-ray tube is operated at less than ___ mA during flouro

5 mA

Brightness gain is

the ability of image itensifier to increase the illumination level of the image

Brightness gain =

minification gain x flux gain

Receives remnant x-ray beam converts it into light converts light into electron image Finally conversion of electron image back to light image of increased brightness

Image intensifier tube

when high energy electrons interact with the image intensifier screen, the output phosphor, it produces how much light

5000 to 20,000 brighter

what is flux gain?

increase in brightness due to acceleration of electrons

what is minification gain?

increase in brightness as a result of minification of the image

The unit of electrostatic charge is ?

coulomb

The unit of electrostatic force is ?

newton

Normal power supple in US is

120 V , 60 hz single phase

P= IV

power

The number of turns in a conductor (copper) , the induced EMF is directly _______

proportional to the # of turns in the coil

The left hand rule determines the what?

the direction of the induced current

EMF is expressed in what?

volts

What are wavelengths measure in?

Angstroms

Anode cooling chart formula for single phase

kvp x ma x time

Anode cooling chart formula for 3 phase / high frequency

kvp x ma x time x 1.40

Laying in the prone position the barium will be where ?

barium in body of stomach

laying supine , barium will be where ?

in the fundus

peristalis occures best in what position

RAO

which flexure is lower?

right

area with more cancers?

sigmoid

what helps with peristalis in colon?

haustra

creatine and bun levels

creatine .6 to 1.5 BUN 10-20

upper poles of the kidney are more__

posterior

lower poles of kidney are more __

final notes Flashcards

(70 cards)