Final OP Flashcards by a w

Intervertebral

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrosis
Articular surface: Inferior body of superior vertebra articulates with superior body of inferior vertebraand intervertebral disc.
Movements: Slight movement
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Spinalis, Multifidus
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
2 Pathologies: Disc Herniation, Sciatica
Closed Pack: Extension

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Zygapophyseal

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrosis
Articular surface: Between superior articular facets and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebra
Movements: Small gliding movements
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Spinalis, Multifidus
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
2 Pathologies: Disc Herniation, Sciatica
Closed Pack: Full extension

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Sacroilliac

Structural:
Anterior: Synovial Planar
Posterior: Fibrous Syndesmosis
Funtional:
Anterior: Diarthrotic
Posterior: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: convex Ilia articulates with concave Sacrum articular surface of ilium covered with articular fibrocartilage and sacrum is covered with hyaline cartilage
Movements: Slight movement - Nutation and Counternutation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Piriformis, Gluteus Maximus
1 Nerve: Sacral Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior sacroiliac ligament, posterior sacroiliac ligament
2 Pathologies: SI joint disfunction, SI joint irritation
Closed Pack: Full nutation

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Sacrococcygeal

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrosis
Articular surface: Base of coccyx articulates with apex of Sacrum
Movements: Slight movements
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Piriformis, Gluteus Maximus
1 Nerve: Sacral Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Sacrococcygeal
2 Pathologies: Coccyx sublaxation, coccyx fracture
Closed Pack: N/A

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Pubic Symphysis

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: Right pubic body with left pubic body, symphyseal surfaces of pubis. Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage.
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Rectus Abdominis, External Obliques
1 Nerve: Sacral Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Pubic ligament
2 Pathologies: Pelvic frature, Widened Pubic Symphysis
Closed Pack: N/A

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Costovertebral

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: head of ribs 2-9, articulates with a superior costal facet of the thoracic vertebra of the same number, the inferior costal facet of vertebrae above, and the intervertebral disc between the two vertebrae. Ribs 1, 10, 11 & 12 each
articulate with a single vertebra.
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate ligament of head of rib, Intra-articular ligament
2 Pathologies: Rib fracture, Hyperkyphosis
Closed Pack:

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Costotransverse

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Costal tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra of the same number. Present in ribs 1-10
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal Nerves
2 ligaments: Costotransverse ligaments, Lateral Costotransverse ligaments
2 Pathologies: Rib fracture, Hyperkyphosis
Closed Pack:

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Manubriosternal

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: between the inferior margin of the manubrium and the superior margin of the body of the sternum.
Movements: Flexion and Extension
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostal
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Manubriosternal, Radiate sternocostal
2 Pathologies: Barrel chest, pectus excavatum
Closed Pack:

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Xiphisternal

Structural: Cartilaginous Symphysis
Funtional: Amphiarthrotic
Articular surface: between the superior margin of the xiphoid process and the inferior margin of the body of the sternum.
Movements: Flexion and Extension
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate sternocostal and intra-articular
2 Pathologies: Barrel chest, pectus excavatum
Closed Pack:

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Costochondral

Structural: Cartilaginous Synchondrosis
Funtional: Synarthrosis
Articular surface: Between rib and costal cartilage
Movements: Unclassified
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: External and Internal Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal Nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate Sternocostal & Intra-articular ligaments
2 Pathologies: Barrel chest and Pectus Excavatum
Closed Pack:N/A

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Sternocostal Rib 1

Structural: Cartilaginous Sychondrosis
Funtional: Synarthrosis
Articular surface: costal cartilage to the costal notch of the manubrium for rib 1
Movements: Slight gliding
Axis: Unclassified
2 Muscles: Internal and External Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate sternocostal and intra-articular ligametns
2 Pathologies: Pectus excavatum and Barrel Chest
Closed Pack:

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Sternocostal Ribs 2-7

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: costal cartilage to the costal facets on the lateral margin of the sternum
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Internal and External Intercostals
1 Nerve: Intercostal nerves
2 ligaments: Radiate sternocostal and Intra-articular ligaments
2 Pathologies: Pectus Excavatum and Barrel Chest
Closed Pack:

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Median Atlantoaxial

Structural: Synovial Pivot
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: between the fovea dentalis of the atlas (C1) and the anterior articular facet of the dens (C2).
Movements: Rotation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Splenius Cervicis and Capitis
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Atlantoaxial ligaments
2 Pathologies: Whiplash, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Closed Pack: Full extension

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Lateral Atlantoaxial

Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: an inferior articulating facet of the lateral masses of the atlas (C1) to the superior articulating facet of the axis (C2).
Movements: Gliding
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Splenius Cervicis and Capitis
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Atlantooccipital membranes
2 Pathologies: Whiplash, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Closed Pack: Full extension

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Atlantooccipital

Structural: Synovial Condyloid
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: condyles of the occiput to the superior articular facets of the lateral masses of the atlas (C1).
Movements: Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, circumduction and rotation
Axis: Triaxial
2 Muscles: Splenius Cervicis and Capitis
1 Nerve: Cervical Plexus
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior Atlantooccipital membranes
2 Pathologies: Whiplash, Rheumatoid arthritis
Closed Pack: Full extension

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Temporomandibular

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Structural: Synovial Hinge
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: the convex condyle of the mandible articulates with the concave anterior part of the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone; the articular tubercle above, and the articular disc divides the joint into two cavities
Movements: Elevation, depression, Proteaction/protrusion, retraction/retrusion, Lateral deviation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Mylohyoid and Masseter
1 Nerve: Trigeminal
2 ligaments: Lateral ligament and stylomandibular ligament
2 Pathologies: TMJ Disorder, Dislocation
Closed Pack: Full occlusion

Glenohumeral

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Structural: Synovial Ball and Socket
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex head of Humerus articulates with Concave glenoid fossa of Scapula
Movements: Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction
Axis: Triaxial
2 Muscles: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus
1 Nerve: Axillary
2 ligaments: Glenohumeral, Transverse
2 Pathologies: Slap tear, rotator cuff strain
Closed Pack: Maximal abduction and lateral rotation

Acromioclavicular

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Structural: Synovial Planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Concave acromion process of scapula articulates with the convex lateral/acromial end of clavicle
Movements: Small gliding movements
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Deltoids, supraspinatus
1 Nerve: Axillary nerve
2 ligaments: Superior and inferior acromioclavicular
2 Pathologies: Separated shoulder,AC sprain
Closed Pack: Arm abducted to 90 degrees

Sternoclavicular

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Structural: Synovial double planar
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium. Incongruent articulation due to 4 articulating surfaces
Movements: elevation, depression, protration, retraction
Axis: bi or triaxial
2 Muscles: SCM and subclavius
1 Nerve: Nerve to subclavius muscle
2 ligaments: Anterior and Posterior sternoclavicular
2 Pathologies: Dislocation and fracture
Closed Pack: Maximum shoulder elevation

Humeroulnar

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Structural: Synovial Hinge
Funtional: Uniaxial
Articular surface: Concave trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the convex trochlea of the humerus
Movements: Flexion, Extension
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Brachialis, Biceps Brachii
1 Nerve: Brachial Plexus
2 ligaments: Ulnar collateral and Radial collateral
2 Pathologies: Lateral Epicondylitis, Medial Epicondylitis
Closed Pack: Extension with Supination

Humeroradial

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Structural: Synovial Atypical ball and socket
Funtional: Diarthrosis
Articular surface: Concave head of the radius articulates with the convex capitulum of the humerus
Movements: Flexion and Extension
Axis: Biaxial
2 Muscles: Brachialis, Biceps Brachii
1 Nerve: Brachial Plexus
2 ligaments: Ulnar and Radial Collateral
2 Pathologies: Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis
Closed Pack: 90 degrees flexion, forearm supinated to 5 degrees

Proximal Radioulnar

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Structural: Synovial Pivot
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex head of the radius articulates with the concave radial notch of the ulna
Movements: Pronation and Supination
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Brachialis and Biceps Brachii
1 Nerve: Brachial Plexus
2 ligaments: Radial and Ulnar Collateral
2 Pathologies: Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis
Closed Pack: 5 degrees of supination

Distal Radioulnar

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Structural: Synovial Pivot
Funtional: Diarthrosis
Articular surface: Concave distal end/ulnar notch of the radius articulates with the convex head of ulna
Movements: Supination and pronation
Axis: Uniaxial
2 Muscles: Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor carpi radialis
1 Nerve: Median nerve
2 ligaments: Palmar and Doral radioulnar ligament
2 Pathologies: Fracture, Fall on outstretched hand
Closed Pack: 5 degrees forearm supination

Radiocarpal

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Structural: Synovial Ellipsoid
Funtional: Diarthrotic
Articular surface: Convex proximal ends of scaphoid and lunate articulate with the concave distal end of radius
Movements: Flexion, Extension, Radial/Ulnar Deviation
Axis: Biaxial
2 Muscles: Flexor carpi Radialis and Ulnaris
1 Nerve: Median nerve
2 ligaments: Radial collateral ligament of wrist, flexor retinaculum
2 Pathologies: Dislocation, Fracture
Closed Pack: Full extension

Ulnomeniscotriquetral

**Structural:** Synovial Ellipsoid **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** Convex proximal surface of the triquetrum articulates with the concave distal end of the ulna, with a meniscal disc between the two bones **Movements:** Flexion, Extension, Radial/Ulnar Deviation **Axis:** Biaxial **2 Muscles:** Flexor Carpi Radialis/Ulnaris **1 Nerve:** Ulnar **2 ligaments:** Ulnar collateral ligament, Flexor Retinaculum **2 Pathologies:** Dislocation, Fracture **Closed Pack:** Full extension

Intercarpals

**Structural:** Synovial Planar **Funtional:** Diarthrosis **Articular surface:** Scaphoid, Lunate, Pisiform, Triquetrium, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium **Movements:** Small gliding **Axis:** Uniaxial **2 Muscles:** Palmar and Dorsal Interossei **1 Nerve:** Median **2 ligaments:** Palmar Intercarpal, Dorsal Intercarpal **2 Pathologies:** Fracture, Bouchards Nodes **Closed Pack:** Extension

Carpometacarpal Digit 1

**Structural:** Synovial Saddle **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** The base of the metacarpal articulates with the trapezium. Concave on convex in the coronal plane while convex on concave in the sagittal plane **Movements:** Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction **Axis:** Bi or Triaxial **2 Muscles:** Adductor Pollicis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis **1 Nerve:** Median **2 ligaments:** Palmar and Dorsal Carpometacarpals **2 Pathologies:** DeQuervains Tenosynovitis, Gamekeepers Thumb **Closed Pack:** Full opposition

Metacarpophalangeal

**Structural:** Digit 1: Synovial Hinge Digit 2-5: Synovial Condyloid **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** Concave bases of the proximal phalanges articulate with the convex head of the metacarpals **Movements:** Digit 1: Flexion and Extension Digit 2: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction **Axis:** Digit 1: Uniaxial Digit 2-5: Biaxial **2 Muscles:** Flexor Digitorum superficialis, Extensor Digitorum **1 Nerve:** Median **2 ligaments:** Palmar, Collateral **2 Pathologies:** Dislocation, Fracture **Closed Pack:** 1 MCP: Full extension 2-5 MCP: Full Flexion

Acetabulofemoral

**Structural:** Synovial Ball and Socket **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** Convex head of the femur articulates with the concave acetabulum of the pelvis **Movements:** Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Internal/External rotation **Axis:** Triaxial **2 Muscles:** Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius **1 Nerve:** Sciatic **2 ligaments:** Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral **2 Pathologies:** Dislocation, Fracture **Closed Pack:** Full extension, abduction, medial rotation

Tibiofemoral

**Structural:** Synovial Modified Hinge **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** Concave condyles of the tibia articulate with the convex femoral condyles **Movements:** Flexion, Extension, limited rotation **Axis:** Biaxial **2 Muscles:** Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis **1 Nerve:** Sciatic **2 ligaments:** Tibial Collateral, Fibular Collateral **2 Pathologies:** Torn Meniscus, Terrible Triad **Closed Pack:** Full extension w/ lateral rotation

Patellofemoral

**Structural:** Synovial Planar **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** The concave superior/inferior surface of the patella and the convex medial/lateral surfaces of the patella articulate with the patellar surface of the femur **Movements:** Small gliding **Axis:** Uniaxial **2 Muscles:** Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis **1 Nerve:** Sciatic **2 ligaments:** Patellar and Tibial Collateral ligament **2 Pathologies:** Torn Meniscus, Patellar Tendonitis **Closed Pack:** Full flexion

Proximal Tibiofibular

**Structural:** Synovial Planar **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** Convex facet on the head of the fibula and concave facet on the lateral condyle of the tibia **Movements:** Small gliding **Axis:** Uniaxial **2 Muscles:** Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis **1 Nerve:** Sciatic **2 ligaments:** Tibial and Fibular Collateral **2 Pathologies:** Torn Meniscus, Terrible Triad **Closed Pack:** Full Dorsiflexion

Talocrural

**Structural:** Synovial Hinge **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** Convex trochlea of the talus articulates between the concavity formed by the medial and lateral malleoli, and the distal end of the tibia. **Movements:** Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion **Axis:** Uniaxial **2 Muscles:** Tibialis Posterior and Anterior **1 Nerve:** Tibial **2 ligaments:** Anterior and Posterior Tibiotalar **2 Pathologies:** Inversion sprain, Fracture **Closed Pack:** Full dorsiflexion

Subtalar

**Structural:** Synovial Planar **Funtional:** Diarthrotic **Articular surface:** Convex facets on the superior surface of the calcaneus articulate with the concave posterior, anterior and middle articular surface for the calcaneus on the talus. **Movements:** Small gliding movements **Axis:** Uniaxial **2 Muscles:** Tibialis Anterior and Posterior **1 Nerve:** Tibial **2 ligaments:** Anterior and Posterior Tibiotalar **2 Pathologies:** Inversion Sprain, Fracture **Closed Pack:** Full supination

Final OP Flashcards

(34 cards)