Final OP Flashcards
1
Q
What is the origin of the trapezius?
A
EOP, nuchal line, nuchal ligament
2
Q
What is the insertion of the trapezius?
A
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
3
Q
What are the actions of the trapezius?
A
Unilateral: lateral flexion of head; Bilateral: extension of head, elevation of scapula, retraction of scapula, upward rotation of scapula, downward rotation of scapula
4
Q
What is the innervation of the trapezius?
A
(Spinal) accessory nerve (CN XI), cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
5
Q
What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
A
Sternal head: manubrium of sternum; Clavicular head: medial portion of clavicle
6
Q
What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
A
Mastoid process
7
Q
What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
A
Rotation of head to contralateral side, lateral flexion to ipsilateral side, bilateral action: neck flexion
8
Q
What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
A
Motor: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI); Sensory: cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
9
Q
What is the origin of the anterior scalene?
A
TPs of C3-C6
10
Q
What is the insertion of the anterior scalene?
A
1st rib
11
Q
What are the actions of the anterior scalene?
A
Flexion and ipsilateral lateral flexion of neck, elevation of 1st rib
12
Q
What is the innervation of the anterior scalene?
A
Cervical spinal nerves, ventral rami
13
Q
What is the origin of the levator scapulae?
A
TPs of C1-C4
14
Q
What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?
A
Medial border of scapula (superior part)
15
Q
What are the actions of the levator scapulae?
A
Elevation of scapula, extension and lateral flexion of neck
16
Q
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?
A
Dorsal scapular nerve
17
Q
What is the origin of the digastric muscle?
A
Posterior belly: mastoid process; Anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible
18
Q
What is the insertion of the digastric muscle?
A
Hyoid bone (both bellies)
19
Q
What are the actions of the digastric muscle?
A
Elevation of hyoid bone, depression of mandible (stabilizes hyoid bone for infrahyoid action)
20
Q
What is the innervation of the digastric muscle?
A
Posterior belly: facial nerve (CN VII); Anterior belly: trigeminal nerve (CN V)
21
Q
What is the origin of the splenius cervicis?
A
SPs of T3-6
22
Q
What is the insertion of the splenius cervicis?
A
TPs of C1-C3
23
Q
What are the actions of the splenius cervicis?
A
Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion of neck; Bilateral: extension of neck
24
Q
What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?
A
Cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
25
What is the origin of the sternohyoid?
Manubrium and sternoclavicular joint
26
What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?
Body of hyoid bone
27
What are the actions of the sternohyoid?
Depression of hyoid bone and larynx
28
What is the innervation of the sternohyoid?
Ansa cervicalis
29
What is the origin of the longus capitis?
TPs of C3-C5
30
What is the insertion of the longus capitis?
Occipital bone (anterior foramen magnum)
31
What are the actions of the longus capitis?
Flexion of head and neck
32
What is the innervation of the longus capitis?
Cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
33
What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
34
What is the insertion of the Deltoid muscle?
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
35
What actions does the Deltoid muscle perform?
Abduction of shoulder (middle fibers), flexion and horizontal adduction (anterior fibers), extension and horizontal abduction (posterior fibers)
36
What is the innervation of the Deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
37
What is the origin of the Teres Minor muscle?
Superior lateral border of scapula
38
What is the insertion of the Teres Minor muscle?
Greater tubercle of humerus
39
What action does the Teres Minor muscle perform?
Lateral rotation of shoulder and stabilizes glenohumeral joint
40
What is the innervation of the Teres Minor muscle?
Axillary nerve
41
What is the origin of the Biceps Brachii muscle?
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle and glenohumeral labrum; Short head: coracoid process of scapula
42
What is the insertion of the Biceps Brachii muscle?
Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
43
What actions does the Biceps Brachii muscle perform?
Flexion and supination of elbow, flexion of shoulder
44
What is the innervation of the Biceps Brachii muscle?
Musculocutaneous nerve
45
What is the origin of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
46
What is the insertion of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Greater tubercle of humerus
47
What action does the Supraspinatus muscle perform?
Abduction of shoulder and stabilizes glenohumeral joint
48
What is the innervation of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Suprascapular nerve
49
What is the origin of the Subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular fossa of scapula
50
What is the insertion of the Subscapularis muscle?
Lesser tubercle of humerus
51
What action does the Subscapularis muscle perform?
Medial rotation of shoulder and stabilizes glenohumeral joint
52
What is the innervation of the Subscapularis muscle?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
53
What is the origin of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Infraspinous fossa and inferior portion of spine of scapula
54
What is the insertion of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Greater tubercle of humerus
55
What action does the Infraspinatus muscle perform?
Lateral rotation of shoulder and stabilizes glenohumeral joint
56
What is the innervation of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Suprascapular nerve
57
What is the origin of the Teres Major muscle?
Inferior, lateral border of scapula
58
What is the insertion of the Teres Major muscle?
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus (medial to latissimus)
59
What actions does the Teres Major muscle perform?
Medial rotation and adduction of shoulder
60
What is the innervation of the Teres Major muscle?
Lower subscapular nerve
61
What is the origin of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Clavicular fibers: medial ½ of clavicle; Sternal fibers: anterior sternum; Costal fibers: costal cartilage of ribs 1-7
62
What is the insertion of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
63
What actions does the Pectoralis Major muscle perform?
Adduction and medial rotation of shoulder, horizontal adduction of shoulder
64
What is the innervation of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
65
What is the origin of the Brachialis muscle?
Anterior distal ½ of humerus
66
What is the insertion point of the Brachialis muscle?
Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
67
What is the primary action of the Brachialis muscle?
Flexion of elbow (main elbow flexor)
68
What nerves innervate the Brachialis muscle?
Musculocutaneous and radial nerve
69
What is the origin of the long head of the Triceps Brachii?
Infraglenoid tubercle and neck of scapula
70
What is the origin of the lateral head of the Triceps Brachii?
Upper half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus (above radial groove)
71
What is the origin of the deep (medial) head of the Triceps Brachii?
Posterior shaft of humerus (below radial groove)
72
Where does the Triceps Brachii insert?
Olecranon process
73
What is the action of the Triceps Brachii?
Extension of elbow
74
What is the innervation of the Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve (axillary nerve - long head)
75
Pronator Teres - Origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon; Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
76
Pronator Teres - Insertion
Lateral radius middle of shaft (pronator tuberosity)
77
Pronator Teres - Action
Pronation of forearm
78
Pronator Teres - Innervation
Median nerve
79
Flexor Carpi Radialis - Origin
Medial epicondyle (via common flexor tendon)
80
Flexor Carpi Radialis - Insertion
Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (anterior side)
81
Flexor Carpi Radialis - Action
Flexion of wrist; radial flexion (abduction) of wrist
82
Flexor Carpi Radialis - Innervation
Median nerve
83
Palmaris Longus - Origin
Medial epicondyle (via common flexor tendon)
84
Palmaris Longus - Insertion
Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
85
Palmaris Longus - Action
Flexion of wrist
86
Palmaris Longus - Innervation
Median nerve
87
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Origin
Humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: oblique line of radius
88
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Insertion
Base of middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
89
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Action
Flexion of fingers 2-5 (PIP, MCP)
90
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Innervation
Median nerve
91
Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Origin
Anterior and medial surface of ulna (proximal ½) and interosseous membrane
92
Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Insertion
Base of distal phalange of fingers 2-5
93
Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Action
Flexion of fingers (at DIP, PIP, MCP joints)
94
Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Innervation
Median nerve; ulnar nerve
95
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin
Humeral Head: medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon); Ulnar Head: medial aspect of olecranon and proximal 2/3 of medial ulna
96
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Insertion
Pisiform and hamate bones; base of 5th metacarpal
97
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Action
Flexion of wrist; ulnar flexion (adduction) of wrist
98
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Innervation
Ulnar nerve
99
Brachioradialis - Origin
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
100
Brachioradialis - Insertion
styloid process of radius
101
Brachioradialis - Action
flexion of elbow
102
Brachioradialis - Innervation
radial nerve
103
Extensor Digitorum - Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)
104
Extensor Digitorum - Insertion
phalanges 2-5 mid and distal
105
Extensor Digitorum - Action
extension of fingers 2-5 (MCP, PIP, DIP), extension of wrist
## Footnote
crosses elbow joint so weak elbow extension
106
Extensor Digitorum - Innervation
radial nerve
107
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Origin
distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge
108
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Insertion
base of 2nd metacarpal
109
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Action
extension of wrist, radial flexion (abduction) of wrist
## Footnote
crosses elbow joint so weak flexion/supination of elbow
110
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Innervation
radial nerve
111
Extensor Digiti Minimi - Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
112
Extensor Digiti Minimi - Insertion
middle and distal phalanges of 5th digit (extensor expansion)
113
Extensor Digiti Minimi - Action
extension of little finger (5th digit)
## Footnote
extension of wrist and weak extension of elbow
114
Extensor Digiti Minimi - Innervation
radial nerve
115
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Origin
lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
116
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Insertion
base of 3rd metacarpal (dorsal side)
117
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Action
extension of wrist, radial flexion (abduction) of wrist
## Footnote
crosses elbow so weak flexion of elbow
118
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Innervation
radial nerve
119
Anconeus - Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
120
Anconeus - Insertion
olecranon process and proximal ¼ of posterior ulna
121
Anconeus - Action
extension of elbow
122
Anconeus - Innervation
radial nerve
123
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin
humeral head: lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon), ulnar head: posterior shaft of ulna
124
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Insertion
base of 5th metacarpal (dorsal side)
125
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Action
ulnar flexion (adduction of wrist), extension of wrist
## Footnote
crosses elbow joint so weak elbow extension
126
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Innervation
radial nerve
127
What is the origin of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Radius (middle 1/3 anterior surface) and interosseous membrane
128
What is the insertion of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb (anterior aspect)
129
What is the action of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Flexion of thumb (CMC, MCP, IP joints); weak wrist flexion
130
What is the innervation of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Median nerve
131
What is the origin of the Extensor Indicis?
Posterior distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
132
What is the insertion of the Extensor Indicis?
Base of middle and distal phalanx of index finger (via extensor expansion & extensor digitorum muscle tendon)
133
What is the action of the Extensor Indicis?
Extension of index finger (MCP, PIP, DIP); weak extension of hand and adduction of index finger
134
What is the innervation of the Extensor Indicis?
Radial nerve
135
What is the origin of the Flexor digiti minimi?
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
136
What is the insertion of the Flexor digiti minimi?
Base of proximal phalanx of little finger
137
What is the action of the Flexor digiti minimi?
Flexion of little finger (CMC and MCP)
138
What is the innervation of the Flexor digiti minimi?
Ulnar nerve
139
What is the origin of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane (middle 1/3 of forearm)
140
What is the insertion of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Base of 1st metacarpal (lateral side)
141
What is the action of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Abduction of thumb (CMC joint); also assists with radial deviation of wrist, extension and rotation of thumb, and flexion/supination of hand at wrist
142
What is the innervation of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Radial nerve
143
What is the origin of the Adductor Pollicis?
Oblique head: capitate and bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; Transverse head: palmar surface of 3rd metacarpal
144
What is the insertion of the Adductor Pollicis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
145
What is the action of the Adductor Pollicis?
Adduction of thumb
146
What is the innervation of the Adductor Pollicis?
Ulnar nerve
147
What is the origin of the Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Posterior middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
148
What is the insertion of the Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Distal phalanx of thumb
149
What is the action of the Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Extension of thumb (CMC, MCP, IP joints); assists in extension and radial flexion of wrist
150
What is the innervation of the Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Radial nerve
151
What is the origin of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
152
What is the insertion of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
153
What is the action of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Flexion of thumb (CMC, MCP joint)
154
What is the innervation of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Median nerve
155
What is the origin of the Opponens Pollicis?
Tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
156
What is the insertion of the Opponens Pollicis?
Metacarpal of thumb (anteriolateral side)
157
What is the action of the Opponens Pollicis?
Opposition of thumb (CMC joint)
158
What is the innervation of the Opponens Pollicis?
Median and ulnar nerves
