Final - Overhand Throw

Question 1

What are the 5 phase of pitch?

Answer 1

1. Wind up/ stride phase
2. Early cocking
3. Late cocking (acceleration 1)
4. Acceleration (acceleration 2)
5. Deceleration/follow through

Question 2

Which phase has the maximum ER of the shoulder/

Answer 2

Late cocking

Question 3

Which phase occurs until the lead foot contact the mound

Answer 3

Early cocking

Question 4

Which phase is the lead leg at its highest point?

Answer 4

Wind-up

Question 5

Wind-up/ stride phase starts with both feet planted. Then, pivot on _____ leg and kick with _____ leg

Answer 5

Ipsilateral
Contralateral

*pitcher keeps COG over back leg

Question 6

T/F wind-up/stride phase has a low injury risk

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Which phase occurs from the time the lead leg reaches its max height to the point it contacts the ground?

Answer 7

Early cocking

Question 8

In the early cocking phase the :

1. Pelvic _____
2. Low back ______
3. Stance leg glut max _____
4. Deltoid ___
5. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor initiate____
6. Elbow is ___

Answer 8

1. tilts and rotates
2. slightly arched/extended
3. fires
4. abducts GH
5. GH ER and position humeral head on glenoid fossa
6. Flexed

Question 9

In the early cocking phase, which muscle is the most important scapular stabilizer?

Answer 9

Serratus anterior

Question 10

T/F there is a high injury risk in early cocking phase?

Answer 10

F - low

Question 11

Which phase is between the lead foot contact with the ground and the point of maximum ER of the the throwing shoulder?

Answer 11

Late cocking

Question 12

In the late cocking phase, winding up the spring (increases/decreases) potential energy

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

The the later cocking phase the legs and the torso transfer energy to where?

Answer 13

Up to the throwing arm

Question 14

In late cocking, the:

1. pelvic reaches max _____
2. ____ muscles retract scap
3. ____ muscles abduct and ER the humerus
4. ____ muscle abducts and compresses the humerus
5. _____ muscles concentrically bring arm into horizontal adduction
6. Peak _____ activity is reached with elbow flexion and humeral head compression into the GH fossa

Answer 14

1. Rotation
2. Rhomboids, levator, trap
3. Infraspinatus, teres minor
4. Supraspinatus
5. Anterior deltoid and pec major
6. Biceps

Question 15

The late cocking phase has the maximum (valgus/varus) force at the elbow

Answer 15

Valgus

Question 16

Elbow injuries most often happen at what phase?

Answer 16

Max valgus force in late cocking phase

Question 17

What are the final arm positions in the late cocking phase for

1. elbow flexion
2. Shoulder ER
3. Shoulder abduction
4. Shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 17

1. 95 degrees
2. 165-175
3. 90-95
4. 10-20

Question 18

Which phase is from the max ER to the ball release

Answer 18

Acceleration phase

Question 19

During the acceleration phases the:
1. \_\_\_ muscles contralaterally flex and rotate the torso 
2. \_\_\_ muscles protracts 
Scap
3. \_\_\_\_\_ muscles IR the GH

Answer 19

1. Rectus abdominal, obliques, lumbar paraspinals
2. Serratus anterior
3. Subscap, pec major, lat dorsi

Question 20

Which phase does serratus anterior reach it’s max activity

Answer 20

Acceleration

Question 21

T/F the subscap, pec major and lat dorsi reach their max activity in acceleration phase

Answer 21

T

Question 22

During the acceleration phase, humerus goes from ____ degrees ER to ____ degrees IR in ____ msec

Answer 22

175
100
42-58

Question 23

In the acceleration phase the forearm and hand are (ahead/behind) the GH IR

Answer 23

Behind

*whip-like motion

Question 24

During the acceleration phase, the elbow extension occurs from what?

Answer 24

The force of torso rotation and concentric action of triceps

Question 25

During acceleration phase, the forearm pronates to ___ degrees

Answer 25

90

Question 26

The wrist is _____ when the ball leaves the hand

Answer 26

Neutral

Question 27

Which have occurs from ball release until motion is ceased

Answer 27

Deceleration and follow through

Question 28

During the deceleration phase, _x inertia is required. This occurs in _/_ time of acceleration

Answer 28

2x | 1/2

Question 29

Which phase is the most violent phase of throwing?

Answer 29

Deceleration and follow through

Question 30

The increased chance of injury in the deceleration and follow through phase is due to what 2 things?

Answer 30

- Joint loading | - Rapid deceleration of throwing motion

Question 31

During the deceleration phase, there is (increased,decreased) distraction of GH joint accompanied by horizontal adduction

Answer 31

Increased

Question 32

During deceleration phase, the muscle pull of movement causes ___cm gap in GH joint

Answer 32

>2.5cm

Question 33

The deceleration phase is resisted by

Answer 33

Posterior rotator cuff and anterior GH ligaments | Teres major, infra, posterior deltoid

Question 34

Teres minor is highly active in resisting ______, horizontal ______, and (IR/ER)

Answer 34

- Anterior humeral head translation - horizontal adduction - IR

Question 35

What is one of the most commonly injured muscles with throwing

Answer 35

Teres minor

Question 36

During deceleration, the ____ muscles help stabilize scapula

Answer 36

Trap, rhomboids, serratus

Question 37

During deceleration phase, the ___ muscles rapidly decelerate the elbow and pronating forearm

Answer 37

Biceps and brachialis

Question 38

During deceleration, the body falls forward and the stance limb pivots at the ___

Answer 38

Hip

Question 39

What phase do the most injuries occur

Answer 39

Deceleration

Question 40

What is the injury risk in the wind-up phase?

Answer 40

None

Question 41

What is the injury risk in the late cocking phase?

Answer 41

Shoulder impingement, Bankart lesion, ulnar nerve, rotator cuff Nd pec major under high tension

Question 42

What is the injury risk of the acceleration phase?

Answer 42

Grinding of labrum, elbow valgus stress (MCL, ulnar n., etc)

Question 43

What is the injury risk of the deceleration phase?

Answer 43

Cuff traction (tears), SLAP, Bankart, traction on suprascapular n.