Final Part 2

Question 1

Voir Dire

Answer 1

The process in which a potential jury panel is questioned by the prosecution and the defense in order to select jurors who are unbiased and objective

Question 2

Challenge of Cause

Answer 2

Dismissal of a prospective juror by either the prosecution or the defense because he or she is biased, because he or she has prior knowledge about a case, or for other reasons that demonstrate the individual’s inability to render a fair and impartial judgment

Question 3

Peremptory challenge

Answer 3

Dismissal of a prospective juror by either the prosecution or the defense for unexplained, discretionary reasons

Question 4

Jury nullification

Answer 4

A jury’s refusal to render a verdict according to the law and fact regardless of the evidence presented

Question 5

Writ of habeas corpus

Answer 5

A judicial order re question that a person who detains another person produce the body of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention. Known as “the great writ”. A device used to request that a judicial body review the reasons for a person’s confinement and the conditions of confinement.

Question 6

History of Punishment

Answer 6

pgs. 422-424

Question 7

Corporeal Punishment

Answer 7

Use of physical pain, injury, discomfort, or humiliation to penalise unruly or criminal behavior. (ex: caning or flogging)

Question 8

Penitentiary and reformatory

Answer 8

Penitentiaries–State or federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for terms of one year or more. Were established in 1820 and were also known as reformatories.

Question 9

Deterrence/ deterrent effect

Answer 9

The assumed ability of the threat of criminal sanctions to discourage crime before it occurs

Question 10

Incapacitation

Answer 10

The policy of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate the risk of their repeating their offense in society

Question 11

Concurrent/Consecutive sentences

Answer 11

Prison sentences for two or more criminal acts, served simultaneously and run together

Question 12

Determinant

Answer 12

A fixed term of incarceration, such as three years’ imprisonment. Felt by many to be too restrictive for rehab purposes

Question 13

Mandatory Sentences

Answer 13

A statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be set and carried out in all cases upon conviction for a specified offense or series of offenses

Question 14

Truth in sentencing Laws

Answer 14

Laws requiring convicted felons to spend a significant portion of their sentence behind bars

Question 15

Victim Impact Statement

Answer 15

A post conviction statement by the victim of crime or the victim’s family that may be used to guide sentencing decisions

Question 16

Race & Punishment

Answer 16

pg. 441 & the New Jim Crow?

Question 17

Capital Punishment

Answer 17

Pg. 442

Question 18

Probation

Answer 18

A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court, subject to certain conditions for a specified time

Question 19

Revocation

Answer 19

An administrative act performed by a parole authority that removes a person from parole, or a judicial order by a court removing a person from parole or probation, in response to a violation on the part of the parolee or probationer

Question 20

Suspended sentence

Answer 20

A prison term that is delayed while the defendant undergoes a period of community treatment. If the treatment is successful, the prison sentence is terminated

Question 21

Presentence Investigation

Answer 21

An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendant

Question 22

Restitution

Answer 22

A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused

Question 23

Restorative Justice

Answer 23

A view of crim j that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state. Justice should involve all parties affected by crime

Question 24

Jail

Answer 24

A correctional facility designed to hold pretrial detainees and misdemeanants serving their criminal sentence

Question 25

Pennsylvania System

Answer 25

A prison sytem developed in Penn during 19th century based on total isolation and individual penitence

Question 26

Medical Model

Answer 26

A view of corrections holding that convicted offenders are victims of their environment who need care and treatment to transform them into valuable members of society

Question 27

Max Security Prison

Answer 27

Houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure, high walls, and limited contact with the outside world

Question 28

Boot camp

Answer 28

A short-term, militaristic correction facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline

Question 29

Halfway House

Answer 29

Community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright release so that they can become gradually acclimated to conventional society

Question 30

Total institution

Answer 30

A regimented, dehumanizing institution in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation, cut off from the world at large

Question 31

Private Prisons

Answer 31

Crime prevention, detection, and the apprehension of criminals carried out by private organizations or individuals for commercial purposes

Question 32

Inmate subculture

Answer 32

The loosely defined culture that pervades prisons and has its own norms, rules, and language

Question 33

Prison Industrial Complex

Answer 33

Term used to describe the overlapping interests of government and industry that uses surveillance, policing, and imprisonment as solutions to economic, social, and political problems.

Question 34

Hands off doctrine

Answer 34

The legal practice of allowing prison administrators a free hand in running the institution, even if correctional practices violate inmates' constitutional rights; ended in 1960s

Question 35

Parole

Answer 35

The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorities

Question 36

Gender & Punishment

Answer 36

Unlike male inmates, women usually do not present an immediate physical danger to staff and fellow inmates. Make-believe family groups in women's prisons consist of masculine and feminine figures acting as fathers and mothers. Female correctional institutions do not get the same level of support as male facilities, and as a result, educational and vocational programs are deficient.

Question 37

Indeterminate

Answer 37

A term of incarceration with a stated minimum and maximum length, such as a sentence to prison for a period of from 3-10 years. Prisoner is eligible for parole after the minimum sentence has been served.

Question 38

Auburn system

Answer 38

Developed in NY during 19th century, based on group work during the day and separation at night

Question 39

Prison

Answer 39

A correctional facility designed to hold convicted felons while they serve their criminal sentence

Question 40

Supermax security Prison

Answer 40

Form of max-security prison which uses high-level security measures to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours/day