Final Peds Flashcards

Question

What is the patho of hemorphillia? When is it commonly identified? Where can bleeding occur? Mngt?

Answer 1

sex-linked recessive, lack a coagulation component of factor 8, affects white males most circumcision at birth GI tract peritoneal cavity CNS nosebleeds are common tissue Factor 8 in blood or concentrate desmopressin

Answer 2

most common anemia though on the decline stems from inadequate dietary iron hemoglobin cannot be incorporated into RBCs Drinkiing too much milk, 32+oz a day Calcium hates iron pale conjunctiva pallor poop muscle tone enlarge spleen enlarged heart/systolic murmur spoon shaped fingernails Hgb <11 Hct <33% underlying cause ferrous sulfate high iron high vitamin C administer iron on empty stomach avoid giving with milk or tea give with an acid like OJ high fiber to minimize constipation follow-up bloodwork

Answer 3

autosomal recessive, erythrocyte sickles increasing blood viscosity with dehydration or hypoxia Black sudden, sever sickling, pooling of sickled cells causes tissue hypoxia GI illness dehydration RI strenuous exercise idiopathic low Hgb sickled cells on peripheral blood smear elevated bilirubin and reticulocyte elevated WBC pale swelling joint pain enlarge spleen and liver possible acute chest syndrome (tachypnea, wheezing, cough, fever) pneumonia cirrhosis scarred kidney tissue retinal occlusions priapism (painful prolonged erection) pain mngt hydration O2 possible exchange transfusion

Answer 4

painless, firm, mass on the kidney fatigue, malaise, weight loss fever hematuria HTN metastasis: dyspnea, cough, SOB, chest pain If suspected, DO NOT PALPATE BUN, Cr CBC urinalysis ultrasound CT inferior venacavogram bone marrow aspiration to rule out metastasis surgical removal of tumor an kidney potential chemo/radiation, it depends

Answer 5

leukemia anorexia HA fatigue low-grade fever pallor increased bruising enlarged liver, lymph nodes or joints conspipation unsteady gait pain hematuria ulcerations in the mouth enlarge kidneys or testicles increased ICP

Answer 6

the production of immature WBCs which infiltrate organs and tissue. When it infiltrates the bone it crowds out the production of RBCs, platelets and mature WBCs causing anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. CBC bone marrow aspiration or biopsy CSF biopsy via lumbar puncture

Answer 7

vincristine doxorubicin corticosteroids methotrexate allogenic transplant radiation

Answer 8

exposure to virus or bacteria immature immune systems such as in children sore throat Hx of otitis media, hearin difficulties mouth odor moeth breathing snoring fever inflammation redness and edema difficulty swallowing viral: comfort measures, salt water gargles bacterial: antibiotic

Answer 9

RSV rhinorrhea (load of snot) fever pharyngitis ear or eye infection coughing, sneezing, wheezing tachypnea, retractions refuses to bottle feed copious secretions tachypnea >70 listless apnea poor air exchange advantageous breath sounds cyanosis maintain O2 fluids mintain airway meds: corticosteroids, bronchodilator, antibiotic (if bacterial) No CPT suctioning

Answer 10

cough drooling agitation chin and tongue out dysphonia dysphagia stridor retractions fever do not culture protect airway prepare for intubation provide humidified O2 corticosteroids fluids antibiotic droplet

Answer 11

family Hx boy exposure to smoking low birth weight obesity allergens chest tightness dyspnea audible wheezing cough mucus restlessness anxiety using accessory muscles retractions inaudible breath sounds when severe

Answer 12

short acting beta blocker: albuterol long acting beta blocker salmeterol anticholernergic atropine, ipratroprium

Answer 13

mutated gene that causes thick, tenacious mucus which leads to mechanical obstructions along with autonomic abnormalities recessive trait white meconium ileus at birth URI wheezing, ronchi dry cough dyspnea paroxysmal cough emphysema and atelactasis cyanoiss barrel chest clubbed fingers bronchitis steatorrhea weight loss thin arms and legs deficiency of fat soluable vits anemia reflux prolapse rectum d/t bulky stool high salt in sweat, saliva, tears reproductive issues decreased insulin production

Answer 14

respiratory: CPT GI: pancreatic enzymes with food high protein, high calories fat vitamin supplements manage GERD monitor blood glucose/insulin

Answer 15

respiratory: albuterol, ipratropium, fluticasone to decrease viscosity of mucus: dornase alfa antibiotics PRN pancrelipase for pancreatic insufficiencies and food digestion Vitamins ADEK

Answer 16

assess for infection presurgery check for allergies to idodine and shellfish NPO 4-6 hrs prior Baseline VS mark pedal and posterior tibial pulses administer pre sedation Post: monitor heart assess RR assess symmetry in pulses asses temp and color of extremety assess insertion site strait flat position for 4-8 hrs I&O encourage clear liquids encourage voiding

Answer 17

Group A beta-hemolytic strep in the throat 2-6 week following infection Hx URI fever tachycardia cardiomeagly, new murmur, friction rub SQ nodules over bony prominences painful joints rash on trunk muscle weakness, involuntary movements labile emotions irritability, chorea (nervousness, decreased attention span, behavioral changes) may need valve repair heart disease a fib embolism

Answer 18

acute systemic vasculitis of uknown origin, usually resolves within 8 weeks high fever irritable red eyes chapped lips strawberry tongue swelling of hands and feet red palm and soles rash bilateral joint pain enlarged lymph nodes myocarditis

Answer 19

monitor cardiac status assess for heart failure I&O daily weights IV fluids non acidic foods IV gamm globulin aspirin comfort care irritabiity can last 2 months arthritis can last as well avoid live immunizations for 11 months heart failure

Answer 20

tachycardia tachypnea failure to thrive poor feeding fatigue SOB

Answer 21

fetal shunt fails to close after a few days of life blood flows from the aorta through the open PDA and into the pulmonary artery, increasing pulmonary blood flow no, it's acyanotic because the blood shunting is oxygenated systolic murmur, 2nd intercostal furosomide prostaglandin inhibitor and indomethacin to fascilitate closure increased calories closure

Answer 22

tricuspid valve is closed preventing blood from entering the left atrium cyanosis dyspnea tachycardia older: hypoxemia, clubbing

Answer 23

reduced or absent function mom was deficient in iodine missing thyroid family hX Hashimotos sleepy metabolism is SLOW poor suck open mouth, large tongue obesity hypotonia constipation large abdomen levothyroxine

Answer 24

graves disease most often pituitary tumor viral/stress tachycardia hunger weight loss goiter wide eyed, exophthalmia beta blockers PTU to suppress the T4 formation (propylthiouracil)

Answer 25

metabolic deficiency of liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which then fails to convert AA into tyrosine builds up in the blood causing brain damage restirct consumption of PKU containing foods meat eggs milk

Answer 26

typically viral N/V dirrhea

Answer 27

gastroesophageal reflux inadequate weight gain irritability emesis gagging choking vomiting avoid laying down after meals elevate upper body on wedge when sleepings avoid food triggers: acid, chocolate eat smaller portions

Answer 28

hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the pyloric sphincter making emptying from the stomach to the duodenun difficult vomit after feedings projectile vomiting sour smell hungry after vomiting because they are not nauseated dehydration hypoglycemia alkalosis/electrolyte imbalances laprascopic correction, pyloromyotomy

Answer 29

part of the intestine inverts on one another first year of life idiopathic vomiting abd pain bloody stool like red surrant jelly distended abd necrosis of affected area surgery reduction first then surgery

Answer 30

ansence of ganglionic innervation of a section of the bowl (ost often sigmoid section) no parastalic wave in that section, area above it dilates causes chronic constipation or robbon stool meconium cannot pass thin undernourished dissection of affected area 2 stages: temp. colostomy then dissection possible colostomy

Final Peds Flashcards

(55 cards)