Final Practice Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
In operant conditioning, behaviors are influenced primarily by the consequences that follow them.
A
true
2
Q
Behavior therapists examine situations in a client’s current environment that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental contingencies.
a. True
b. False
A
true
3
Q
The classroom is a particularly useful place to teach mindfulness, since it focuses on attention.
a. True
b. False
A
true
4
Q
B.F. Skinner is credited with the idea of social learning, which combines classical and operant conditioning.
a. True
b. False
A
false
5
Q
Behavioral techniques can be effectively incorporated into a group counseling format.
a. True
b. False
A
true
6
Q
The third generation of behavioral practices includes mindfulness-based practices.
a. True
b. False
A
true
7
Q
Behavior therapists tend to be active and directive.
a. True
b. False
A
true
8
Q
Multimodal therapy discourages technical eclecticism.
a. True
b. False
A
false
9
Q
Relaxation training has benefits in health-related areas such as pain management.
a. True
b. False
A
true
10
Q
A self-management program should include specific behavioral goals.
a. True
b. False
A
true
11
Q
Contemporary behavior therapy is grounded in:
a. a systematic approach to counseling.
b. the psychodynamic aspects of a person.
c. the events of the first 5 years of life.
d. a philosophical view of the human condition.
A
a systematic approach to counseling
12
Q
What was the major focus of cognitive behavioral approaches in the 1960s?
a. The role of biological factors in psychological disorders
b. Characteristics of the objective environment
c. Cognitive representations of the environment
d. Integration of the concepts of behavioral and cognitive therapies
A
Cognitive representations of the environment
13
Q
Which of the following assists clients in conceptualizing and using a new set of social skills?
a. Feedback and reinforcement
b. Relaxation technique
c. Subjective diagnosis
d. Examination of specific behaviors
A
Feedback and reinforcement
14
Q
Which of the following is most accurate regarding behavior therapy?
a. The working relationship between therapist and client is unimportant.
b. Therapy is not complete unless actions follow verbalizations.
c. Insight is necessary for behavior change to occur.
d. Assessment is regarded as largely irrelevant.
A
b. Therapy is not complete unless actions follow verbalizations.
15
Q
Most behavioral practitioners stress the value of establishing a collaborative working relationship with clients but contend that:
a. warmth, empathy, authenticity, permissiveness, and acceptance are necessary, but not sufficient, for behavior change to occur.
b. warmth, empathy, and acceptance are neither necessary nor a sufficient condition for behavior change to occur.
c. the relationship is more directive on the therapist’s part and submissive on the client’s part.
d. warmth, empathy, authenticity, and permissiveness are necessary and sufficient conditions for behavior change to occur.
A
warmth, empathy, authenticity, permissiveness, and acceptance are necessary, but not sufficient, for behavior change to occur
16
Q
Applied behavior analysis makes use of:
a. operant conditioning techniques.
b. classical conditioning techniques.
c. progressive muscle relaxation.
d. cognitive behavioral techniques.
A
operant conditioning techniques.
17
Q
Mindfulness-based stress reduction practices rely on:
a. experiential learning.
b. positive reinforcement.
c. didactic instruction.
d. negative reinforcement
A
experiential learning.
18
Q
Dialectical behavior therapy:
a. has no empirical support for its validity.
b. is a promising blend of behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques.
c. is a long-term therapy for treating depression.
d. is a form of operant conditioning used to treat anxiety-related problems.
A
is a promising blend of behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques.
19
Q
Which is true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
a. DBT emphasizes the importance of the client–therapist relationship.
b. DBT incorporates a lack of empathy for problematic behaviors.
c. DBT was formulated for treating histrionic personality disorders.
d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques.
A
DBT emphasizes the importance of the client–therapist relationship.
20
Q
Which approach conceptualizes current mental health problems as related to neurophysiologically unprocessed memories?
a. Flooding
b. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
c. In vivo desensitization
d. Systematic desensitization
A
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
21
Q
Prolonged/intense exposure—either in real life or in imagination—to highly anxiety-evoking stimuli is called:
a. flooding.
b. self-management training.
c. systematic desensitization.
d. in vivo desensitization
A
a. flooding.
22
Q
A shortcoming of behavioral therapy from a diversity perspective is:
a. its disregard for the client–therapist relationship.
b. the failure to consider the client’s sociocultural context.
c. its lack of research to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques.
d. the lack of clear concepts on which to base practice.
A
the failure to consider the client’s sociocultural context.
23
Q
Contemporary behavior therapy places emphasis on:
a. encouraging clients to reexperience unfinished business.
b. a phenomenological approach to understanding the person.
c. the interplay between the individual and the environment.
d. helping clients acquire insight into the causes of their problems.
A
the interplay between the individual and the environment.
24
Q
Which of the following is true of multimodal therapy?
a. The client agrees to a predetermined type of treatment.
b. Therapists set the goals for therapy.
c. The approach encourages technical dogmatism.
d. Therapeutic flexibility and versatility are valued highly.
A
Therapeutic flexibility and versatility are valued highly.
25
Which of the following is considered one of the basic characteristics of contemporary behavior therapy?
a. The therapist is expected to be nondirective to the point of invisibility.
b. The therapy is an experiential and insight-oriented approach.
c. Emphasis is on specific factors that influence present functioning.
d. The focus is on assessing the past influences on behavior.
Emphasis is on specific factors that influence present functioning.
26
Cognitive behavior therapy is suitable for individualistic but not collectivistic cultures.
a. True
b. False
False
27
REBT practitioners strive to teach clients to unconditionally accept others and themselves.
a. True
b. False
true
28
All cognitive approaches assert that psychological distress is maintained by emotional difficulties.
a. True
b. False
false
29
A major contribution of cognitive-behavioral theorists is the demystification of the therapy process.
a. True
b. False
true
30
According to Meichenbaum, behavior change occurs through the interaction of inner speech, cognitive structures, and behaviors.
a. True
b. False
true
31
REBT teaches children and adolescents that they are responsible for how others act.
a. True
b. False
false
32
Because it is confrontational, REBT is not suited to work with children or adolescents.
a. True
b. False
false
33
Ellis maintained that events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather, it is our evaluation of and beliefs about these events that cause our problems.
a. True
b. False
true
34
Beck's cognitive therapy was philosophically based.
a. True
b. False
false
35
According to Beck, people become psychologically distressed when their thinking is erroneous or distorted.
a. True
b. False
true
36
A strengths-based cognitive behavior therapist would most likely say which of the following to a client with chronic problems?
a. "How can we modify your current approaches to work better?"
b. "What are you doing that is not working for you?"
c. "Let's try to create a whole new way of being."
d. "Let's explore why you don't seem to want to change."
"Let's try to create a whole new way of being."
37
Which comparison of REBT and Beck's cognitive therapy is accurate?
a. REBT encourages clients to reflect on personal issues, while cognitive therapy is logical and pragmatic.
b. REBT uses Socratic dialogue and open-ended questions, while cognitive therapy is highly directive and confrontational.
c. REBT therapists model rational thinking, while cognitive therapists help clients arrive at their own conclusions.
d. REBT focuses on helping clients identify misperceptions, while cognitive therapists aggressively challenge clients for faulty thinking.
REBT therapists model rational thinking, while cognitive therapists help clients arrive at their own conclusions.
38
Which of the following psychologists is most associated with strengths-based cognitive behavior therapy?
a. Beck
b. Ellis
c. Meichenbaum
d. Padesky
. Padesky
39
REBT views the core of emotional disturbances to be:
a. excessive feelings.
b. failure to fulfill our existential needs.
c. self-blame.
d. inadequate mothering during infancy
c. self-blame.
40
REBT asserts that the most efficient way for clients to be happier and better functioning is to change their:
a. way of thinking.
b. way of behaving.
c. way of relating.
d. way of feeling.
a. way of thinking.
41
Which of the following of the three basic musts or irrational beliefs of REBT inevitably leads to self-defeat?
a. "I must treat other people fairly, kindly, and well."
b. "I must find a way to get unlimited resources."
c. "I must create a comfortable, gratifying, and just life for those I love."
d. "I must do well and be loved and approved by others.
I must do well and be loved and approved by others
42
The main idea of SB-CBT is which of the following?
a. That people contribute to their own psychological problems
b. That we learn irrational beliefs from significant others during childhood
c. That active incorporation of client strengths encourages clients to engage more fully in therapy
d. That the way people feel and behave is influenced by how they perceive
That active incorporation of client strengths encourages clients to engage more fully in therapy
43
Which of the following focuses more on helping clients become aware of their self-talk and the stories they tell about themselves?
a. Self-instructional training
b. Narrative therapy
c. Self-talk analysis
d. Self-awareness conditioning
a. Self-instructional training
44
Ena is a highly skilled programmer who, like all of us, occasionally makes mistakes. Rather than focus on their successes, which have been considerable, Ena focuses on their mistakes. This is an example of:
a. arbitrary inferences.
b. personalization.
c. labeling.
d. selective abstraction
d. selective abstraction
45
Cognitive behavior therapy tends to be culturally sensitive because:
a. cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act.
b. the best way to change thinking is to reexperience past emotional traumas in the here and now.
c. our feelings determine our actions.
d. it uses the individual's belief system, or worldview, as part of the method of self-exploration.
it uses the individual's belief system, or worldview, as part of the method of self-exploration.
46
In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to:
a. enable clients to deal with their existential loneliness.
b. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs.
c. identify and examine a client's beliefs.
d. help clients experience their feelings more intensely
identify and examine a client's beliefs.
47
Which of the following is a cognitive distortion that involves categorizing experiences in either–or extremes?
a. Magnification and exaggeration
b. Overgeneralization
c. Arbitrary inference
d. Dichotomous thinking
d. Dichotomous thinking
48
Stress inoculation approaches assert that clients can cope more effectively when they learn to modify which of the following?
a. Cognitive sets
b. Behaviors
c. Physiological responses
d. Feelings
a. Cognitive sets
49
Beck's cognitive therapy was initially developed for the treatment of:
a. psychosomatic reactions.
b. stress symptoms.
c. depression.
d. phobias.
c. depression.
50
Beck's cognitive therapy can be particularly useful with adolescents because it:
a. enables them to understand others.
b. helps them learn to suppress their emotions.
c. provides them with refusal skills.
d. encourages them to reflect on their cognitions
encourages them to reflect on their cognitions
51
According to choice theory, the quality world consists of specific images of people, activities, events, beliefs, possessions, and situations that fulfill our needs and wants.
a. True
b. False
true
52
Glasser was a strong proponent of diagnosis, which is a central focus of reality therapy.
a. True
b. False
false
53
Planning and commitment have central roles in reality therapy.
a. True
b. False
true
54
According to reality therapy, it is important to explore the past as a way to change current behavior.
a. True
b. False
false
55
One of the reality therapist's functions is to make judgments about clients' present behavior.
a. True
b. False
false
56
The primary focus of reality therapy is on attitudes and feelings.
a. True
b. False
false
57
Because of its emphasis on personal choice, reality therapy is usually not very well liked by or effective with children and adolescents.
a. True
b. False
false
58
According to reality therapy, insight is enough to produce change.
a. True
b. False
false
59
Basic human needs serve to focus reality therapy treatment planning and setting both short- and long-term goals.
a. True
b. False
true
60
The P of WDEP stands for pleasure, which comes from satisfying basic human needs.
a. True
b. False
false
61
Which of the following is a shortcoming of reality theory from a diversity standpoint?
a. It is overly focused on forces that operate against marginalized individuals.
b. Some people, because of oppression, have very limited choices.
c. It allows clients to select which behaviors to change.
d. It is difficult to apply the assumptions of reality therapy to other cultures.
Some people, because of oppression, have very limited choices.
62
According to reality approach, which of the following is most accurate about insight?
a. Insight is not sufficient for producing behavior change on its own.
b. Insight will come only with changed attitudes.
c. Insight is necessary before behavior change can occur.
d. Insight can be given to the client through the therapist's teachings.
a. Insight is not sufficient for producing behavior change on its own.
63
Which of the following is one of the five genetically encoded needs that drive people's lives as per choice theory?
a. Relaxation
b. Discipline
c. Power
d. Education
c. Power
64
Which is a key concept of reality therapy?
a. Pathology results from power imbalances
b. Avoid focusing on symptoms
c. Focus on what to change in the future
d. Stimulate unconscious motivation
b. Avoid focusing on symptoms
65
Which of the following is true of reality therapy?
a. Clients must make commitments.
b. Working through the defense mechanisms is essential.
c. It focuses on resolution of past conflicts.
d. Therapists should accept clients' excuses
a. Clients must make commitments.
66
Which of the following is most accurate regarding the goals of reality therapy?
a. Society should determine the proper goals for all clients.
b. They should help clients learn better ways of fulfilling all of their needs.
c. The goals of therapy should be universal to all clients.
d. It is the therapist's responsibility to decide specific goals for clients.
b. They should help clients learn better ways of fulfilling all of their needs.
67
In reality therapy, our quality world is likened to:
a. a reality TV show.
b. a picture album.
c. an expensive sports car.
d. a celebrity's life.
b. a picture album.
68
Reality therapy is particularly useful in groups because of its emphasis on:
a. the need to receive critical feedback.
b. how past conflicts play out in the present.
c. connection and interpersonal relationships.
d. the importance of approval from others.
c. connection and interpersonal relationships.
69
According to reality therapy, which of the following is made up of inseparable components that include acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology?
a. Personality
b. The WDEP system
c. Total behavior
d. Structural behavior
c. Total behavior
70
Which of the following is particularly associated with reality therapy?
a. The search for causes of current problems
b. The analysis of dreams
c. The WDEP system
d. Hypnosis
c. The WDEP system
71
Which of the following statements is most accurate as it applies to choice theory?
a. We are controlled by the events that occur in our lives.
b. We can make choices about and control our own behavior.
c. We can control the behavior of others by learning to actively listen to them.
d. Behavior is the result of external forces.
b. We can make choices about and control our own behavior.
72
According to the reality therapy framework, which of the following is the best way to have a success in therapy?
a. Focusing on symptoms rather than present problems
b. Exploring the past, dreams, and the present
c. Learning the behaviors of significant others
d. Teaching clients to make more effective choices
d. Teaching clients to make more effective choices
73
An axiom of choice theory is that:
a. although the past may have contributed to a current problem, the past is never the problem.
b. mental illness is the cause of bad choices people make.
c. all serious problems are rooted in unconscious drives that dictate behavior.
d. past conflicts must be resolved if people are to learn to fulfill their needs.
a. although the past may have contributed to a current problem, the past is never the problem.
74
If a client reports they feel depressed, why might a reality therapist refer to the client as "depressing" rather than being depressed?
a. Because the depression was imposed on the client
b. To defuse the client's responsibility
c. To emphasize the role of the client
d. Because it is depressing to be around depressed people
c. To emphasize the role of the client
75
The D of the WDEP model stands for:
a. direction and doing.
b. development.
c. discourse
d. deviation and distrust.
a. direction and doing.
76
Feminist therapy addresses issues pertaining to the oppression of women but not other marginalized groups.
a. True
b. False
false
77
One of the goals of feminist therapy is to help women understand how sexism influences them in negative ways.
a. True
b. False
true
78
Like multicultural therapy, feminist therapy emphasizes the need to promote social, political, and environmental changes within the counseling context.
a. True
b. False
true
79
The heart of feminist therapy strategies is empowerment.
a. True
b. False
true
80
Gender-role analysis helps clients identify the impact that their own gender-role socialization has played.
a. True
b. False
true
81
A defining theme in feminist therapy is the inclusion of clients as active participants in assessment and therapy.
a. True
b. False
true
82
Feminist therapy is a technically integrative approach.
a. True
b. False
true
83
Feminist therapy has made significant contributions to counseling ethics.
a. True
b. False
true
84
Participating in social action can help develop self-esteem.
a. True
b. False
true
85
Feminist groups share a common denominator of emphasizing support for the experience of women.
a. True
b. False
true
86
An important tenet of feminist, social justice, and multicultural perspectives is:
a. silence = death.
b. keep your laws off my body.
c. the personal is also the political.
d. overthrow the patriarchy.
c. the personal is also the political.
87
Early feminist therapists asserted that psychotherapy had to move away from the idea that:
a. there was any validity to diagnosis at all.
b. the source of women's unhappiness lies within themselves.
c. there is a need for formal therapy.
d. biological factors can influence both normal and abnormal behavior.
the source of women's unhappiness lies within themselves.
88
A major contribution of feminist therapy is:
a. the development of gender-specific diagnoses.
b. awareness of the impact of multiple oppressions.
c. the creation of hierarchical relationships in therapy.
d. the recognition than men cannot effectively counsel women.
b. awareness of the impact of multiple oppressions.
89
A feminist therapist asks their client to consider how they evaluate their own behavior and whether it is "unacceptably masculine" or "strong and assertive." This process is known as:
a. restructuring.
b. reassessing.
c. reframing.
d. relabeling.
d. relabeling.
90
Which of the following is considered to be a major contribution that feminist therapists have made to the field of counseling?
a. Paving the way for gender-sensitive practice
b. Integrating a diagnostic perspective in counseling practice
c. Creating a brief, solution-focused therapy approach
d. Pioneering research in the therapy process
Paving the way for gender-sensitive practice
91
Which of the following can help adolescents understand complex intersecting identities and privileges?
a. Relabeling
b. Social identity analysis
c. Gender identity analysis
d. Reframing
b. Social identity analysis
92
Feminist therapists tend refer to which of the following?
a. Women's anger as a reflection of the aggressive drive
b. Distress rather than psychopathology
c. Women's problems as a reflection of hormonal imbalances
d. Feelings of emptiness and invisibility as deficits in one's psychic structure
Distress rather than psychopathology
93
Which of the following explain differences in the behavior of women and men in terms of socialization processes rather than on the basis of our "innate" natures?
a. Gender-fair approaches
b. Interactionists
c. Flexible multicultural perspectives
d. Life span perspectives
a. Gender-fair approaches
94
Which of the following uses concepts and strategies that apply equally to individuals and groups regardless of age, race, culture, gender, ability, class, or sexual orientation?
a. Interactionists
b. Flexible multicultural perspectives
c. Life span perspectives
d. Gender-fair approaches
b. Flexible multicultural perspectives
95
Which of the following assume that human development is a lifelong process and that personality and behavioral changes can occur at any time rather than being fixed during early childhood?
a. Gender-fair approaches
b. Interactionists
c. Life span perspectives
d. Flexible multicultural perspectives
c. Life span perspectives
96
Feminist therapists use which of the following to equalize the client–therapist relationship and normalize women's collective experiences?
a. Self-disclosure
b. Gender-role analysis
c. Reframing
d. Relabeling
a. Self-disclosure
97
The feminist critique of assessment and diagnosis is:
a. a result of insurance company pressure.
b. largely philosophical.
c. empirically based.
d. a matter of practicality.
c. empirically based.
98
Transnational feminists have emphasized the need for cultural humility and avoiding the subtle imposition of one's unconscious/unexamined values. That is, they emphasize being aware of one's own:
a. countertransference.
b. positionality.
c. needs.
d. reflexivity.
b. positionality.
99
Multicultural, feminist, and social justice counseling all reject:
a. egalitarianism.
b. collaboration.
c. the idea of intersectionality.
d. the disease model.
d. the disease model.
100
How are clients viewed in feminist therapy?
a. As embodying their pathology
b. As patients
c. As perpetuating the patriarchy
d. As partners
d. As partners
101
Narrative therapists believe new stories take hold only when there is an audience to appreciate and support such stories.
a. True
b. False
true
102
If a client has seemed stuck in problem-saturated thinking, a narrative therapist should elicit other strength-related stories.
a. True
b. False
true
103
Because it is grounded in sociocultural context, narrative therapy is not well suited to culturally diverse clients.
a. True
b. False
false
104
Postmodernists believe in the ability to describe objective reality accurately and assume that it can be observed and systematically known through the scientific method.
a. True
b. False
false
105
Postmodern approaches focus on the development of the self.
a. True
b. False
false
106
A solution-focused brief therapy (SBFT) group practitioner helps clients set large, aspirational goals.
a. True
b. False
false
107
The tasks of solution-focused brief therapy in school include exploring progress.
a. True
b. False
true
108
The not-knowing position is most often characterized by questions that come from an honest, continuous therapeutic posture of not understanding too quickly.
a. True
b. False
true
109
Motivational interviewing is rooted in the psychodynamic approach.
a. True
b. False
false
110
When used in schools, motivational interviewing can help students become more comfortable with change.
a. True
b. False
true
111
Which of the following is true of social constructionist theory?
a. The therapist-as-expert is replaced by the client-as-expert.
b. Clients should adjust to social and cultural norms.
c. The therapeutic relationship should be hierarchical.
d. The therapist is the expert on their client's life.
a. The therapist-as-expert is replaced by the client-as-expert.
112
A general goal of narrative therapy is to:
a. uncover a client's self-defeating cognitions.
b. shift from solution-talk to problem-talk.
c. take inspiration from and implement ideas from literary classics.
d. invite people to describe their experience in new language.
d. invite people to describe their experience in new language.
113
Narrative therapists help clients judge:
a. social norms that are unhelpful to them.
b. how the clients fit into society as a whole.
c. how they have failed to meet societal standards.
d. social mores that they find acceptable.
a. social norms that are unhelpful to them.
114
In narrative therapy, which of these processes involves disassembling taken-for-granted assumptions?
a. Analysis
b. Questioning
c. Deconstruction
d. Externalizing
c. Deconstruction
115
Lex is seeing a therapist because of severe test anxiety that is threatening to end their dreams of becoming an engineer. The therapist asks Lex questions about whether there have been tests Lex hasn't experienced anxiety over. In solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) terms, the therapist is searching for:
a. antecedents.
b. exceptions.
c. confirmation.
d. correlates.
b. exceptions.
116
Solution-focused brief therapy, motivational interviewing, and narrative therapy are based on the assumption that people:
a. are shaped by biology.
b. will inevitably resist change.
c. need explicit guidance.
d. are able to construct solutions
d. are able to construct solutions
117
Which of the following is a psychological expression of the postmodern worldview that values the client's reality without disputing whether it is accurate or rational?
a. Social constructionism
b. Postmodern brief therapy
c. Solution-focused brief therapy
d. Narrative therapy
a. Social constructionism
118
In postmodern thinking, forms of language and the use of language in stories create:
a. social context.
b. thoughts.
c. meaning.
d. pictures.
c. meaning.
119
Tahj, who practices narrative therapy, works with a multicultural client population and sometimes works with clients who hold professionals and their expertise in high esteem. When working with these clients, Tahj would be well advised to:
a. withhold information about the idea of the not-knowing stance.
b. acknowledge that the therapist has expertise in therapeutic processes, while clients are experts in their own lives.
c. simply not use narrative methods, as these methods will not be effective.
d. provide the client with information about the therapeutic process, demonstrating that the client has the needed expertise
b. acknowledge that the therapist has expertise in therapeutic processes, while clients are experts in their own lives.
120
Which of the following is a basic assumption guiding the practice of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)?
a. There are advantages to a positive focus on solutions and on the future.
b. Clients often lack the capacity to change and do not really want to.
c. Using techniques discounts a client's capacity to find their own way.
d. Individuals who come to therapy are incapable of behaving effectively.
a. There are advantages to a positive focus on solutions and on the future.
121
In solution-focused therapy, which kind of relationship is characterized by the client and therapist jointly identifying a problem and a solution to work toward?
a. Customer
b. Complainant
c. Visitor
d. Compliant client
a. Customer
122
In narrative group therapy, which of the following has an invested interest in listening to both the effects of troublesome problem stories people share and witnessing the preferred stories?
a. Fellow travelers
b. Passive observers
c. Outsider witnesses
d. Participating colleagues
c. Outsider witnesses
123
Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe life without their problem?
a. Exception questions
b. The miracle question
c. Scaling
d. Pretherapy change
b. The miracle question
124
In narrative therapy, the process of finding evidence to bolster a new view of the person as competent enough to have stood up to or defeated the dominance or oppression of their problem refers to:
a. the search for unique outcomes.
b. objectifying the problem.
c. exploring problem-saturated stories.
d. the initial assessment.
a. the search for unique outcomes.
125
How does motivational interviewing treat resistance?
a. As utterly irrelevant
b. As a type of client pathology
c. As reflecting unconscious conflict
d. As a relational issue
d. As a relational issue
126
Family systems therapy can be thought of as part of the "first force" in therapy and counseling approaches.
a. True
b. False
false
127
The emergence of feminist and postmodern models in therapy has moved the field of family therapy toward more egalitarian, collaborative, cooperative, co-constructing relationships.
a. True
b. False
true
128
A family systems perspective holds that individuals are best understood in isolation.
a. True
b. False
false
129
A multilayered approach to family therapy is best supported by a collaborative therapist–client relationship.
a. True
b. False
true
130
Assessment is an important part of multilayered family therapy.
a. True
b. False
true
131
The various approaches to family systems therapy focus on the relational aspects of human problems.
a. True
b. False
true
132
In terms of assessment in family systems approaches, it is useful to inquire about family members' perspectives on issues.
a. True
b. False
true
133
The family therapist's ability to communicate understanding and empathy lays the foundation for an effective working relationship.
a. True
b. False
true
134
All change in human systems starts envisioning how things might be.
a. True
b. False
false
135
A family systems perspective holds that a client's problematic behavior may serve a function or purpose for the family.
a. True
b. False
true
136
By the late 1970s, what was the most widely used approach in family systems therapy?
a. Gestalt
b. cognitive-behavioral
c. Adlerian
d. structural-strategic
d. structural-strategic
137
One of the strengths of the systemic perspective in working from a multicultural framework is which of the following?
a. Ethnic and cultural groups do not place any value on the extended family.
b. All ethnic groups place minimal value on the extended family.
c. Many ethnic and cultural groups place great value on the extended family.
d. All cultural groups place minimal value on the extended family.
c. Many ethnic and cultural groups place great value on the extended family.
138
Compared to individual approaches to therapy, systematic approaches are more likely to focus on which of the following?
a. Individual experiences and perspectives
b. Problematic behaviors
c. Diagnosis
d. Transgenerational perspectives
d. Transgenerational perspectives
139
Which model places the most emphasis on communication and emotional experiencing?
a. Multigenerational family model
b. Structural family model
c. Structural-strategic model
d. Human validation process mode
d. Human validation process mode
140
In what way are postmodern approaches to family therapy most similar to narrative therapy?
a. Using assessment as the therapeutic tool
b. Identifying the limitations and capacities of each member
c. Emphasizing the authority of the therapist
d. Reducing the power and impact of the therapist
d. Reducing the power and impact of the therapist
141
The systemic therapist may do which of the following?
a. Exclude family members from therapy with the client
b. Treat the client alone, away from the family
c. Focus on the causes of the client's problems
d. Explore the system for family process and rules
d. Explore the system for family process and rules
142
Which of the following questions might a structural-strategic therapist ask when assessing families?
a. "What were common isolation sequences in your family?"
b. "What do you think the most accurate diagnosis is for the problem family member?"
c. "Who was aligned with whom, and what did they use that alignment to achieve?"
d. "What were the rules that your culture set for you?"
c. "Who was aligned with whom, and what did they use that alignment to achieve?"
143
A basic assumption within the family system is which of the following?
a. An individual's problematic behavior only grows out of interaction with the larger community.
b. An individual's problematic behavior grows out of the family as well as larger systems.
c. An individual's problematic behavior grows out of the interactional unit of the family, not societal systems.
d. An individual's problematic behavior only grows out of the interactional unit of the family.
b. An individual's problematic behavior grows out of the family as well as larger systems.
144
Which of the following can help students see how their behavior directly affects the responses that they receive from others?
a. A systems perspective
b. A humanistic perspective
c. A psychodynamic perspective
d. A behavioral perspective
a. A systems perspective
145
Within the field of family therapy, who has been the most influential leader in the development of both gender and cultural perspectives and frameworks in family practice?
a. Jay Haley
b. Monica McGoldrick
c. John Gottman
d. Michele Weiner-Davis
b. Monica McGoldrick
146
According to Minuchin, which of the following must occur to reduce or eliminate an individual's symptoms?
a. The family must, at least briefly, exclude the individual.
b. Reinforcement for the symptoms must be eliminated.
c. Structural changes must occur in the family.
d. The individual must gain insight into their issues.
c. Structural changes must occur in the family.
147
Which approach seeks to reduce the power of the family therapist?
a. Atheoretical
b. Directive
c. Postmodernist
d. Systems
c. Postmodernist
148
Which of the following are determined by the practitioner's orientation or by a collaborative process between the family and the therapist?
a. Specific goals
b. Techniques
c. Family roles
d. Diagnoses
a. Specific goals
149
The central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their approach, is that the client is which of the following?
a. At fault for the problems
b. In need of understanding differences in the living system
c. Connected to living systems
d. Existing in isolation from others
c. Connected to living systems
150
Which of the following are based on the subjective descriptions that family members use to define themselves and the interactions that occur in everyday life?
a. Diagnoses
b. Techniques
c. Interventions
d. Assessments
d. Assessments
151
For decades, counselors resisted integration and ignored effective methods from other theoretical schools.
a. True
b. False
true
152
In an integrative approach, counselors should listen to existential concerns while considering their clients' spiritual or religious values.
a. True
b. False
true
153
Syncretism occurs when a practitioner simply looks for anything that seems to work.
a. True
b. False
true
154
In multidimensional therapy, therapists borrow from many other therapeutic models, using empirically supported techniques.
a. True
b. False
true
155
Psychotherapy integration is particularly useful with multiculturally diverse client populations, as it allows flexible tailoring of methods.
a. True
b. False
true
156
Although clients' spiritual and religious beliefs may be important to them, it is ethically inappropriate for clinicians to address these beliefs in the context of therapy.
a. True
b. False
false
157
Most forms of short-term psychotherapy encourage the therapist to be active and directive.
a. True
b. False
true
158
In integrative approaches, therapeutic goals should always be specific, concrete, and short term.
a. True
b. False
false
159
Evaluating how well psychotherapy works is relatively simple.
a. True
b. False
false
160
Research suggests there are few or no differences in the outcomes for different psychotherapeutic approaches.
a. True
b. False
true
161
Which of the following is best characterized by attempts to look beyond and across the confines of single-school approaches to see what can be learned from other perspectives?
a. Psychotherapy integration
b. Syncretism
c. Person-centered integration
d. Syncretistic confusion
a. Psychotherapy integration
162
Which pathway aims to select the best treatment techniques for the individual and the problem?
a. Common factors approach
b. Assimilative integration
c. Technical integration
d. Symbolic integration
c. Technical integration
163
Which path is grounded in a particular school but open to techniques from other schools?
a. Symbolic integration
b. Common factors approach
c. Technical integration
d. Assimilative integration
d. Assimilative integration
164
Which approach reflects assimilative integration?
a. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
b. Emotion-focused therapy (EFT)
c. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
d. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
d. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
165
Spiritual and therapeutic paths can be described as which of the following?
a. They are inviolate.
b. They often converge.
c. They cannot cross.
d. They are distinct.
b. They often converge.
166
Which of the following is an evidence-based practice that monitors client change and identifies modifications needed to enhance the therapeutic endeavor?
a. Emotion-focused therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. Feedback-informed treatment
d. Feminist therapy
c. Feedback-informed treatment
167
According to the text, which of the following will increasingly become the organizing force for integration?
a. Evidence-based practice
b. Practice-based evidence
c. Theory-based evidence
d. Theory-based practice
a. Evidence-based practice
168
One aspect of integration that is particularly well suited to taking cultural factors into account is which of the following?
a. Flexibility
b. Symbolism
c. Transference
d. Syncretism
a. Flexibility
169
Sydney, a grief counselor, mentioned that they are open to discussing their clients' spiritual and religious beliefs with them. What should Sydney say to colleagues who are skeptical about this practice?
a. "My clients' spiritual and religious beliefs are a major sustaining power that supports them when all else fails. I think it would be unethical for me to overlook this."
b. "Who are you to question my practices? You are being completely negligent and unethical by not discussing religion with your clients."
c. "I will work with my clients the way I want, just like you can do the same with yours."
d. "I know it is unethical for me to raise these issues during sessions, but my clients don't seem to mind."
a. "My clients' spiritual and religious beliefs are a major sustaining power that supports them when all else fails. I think it would be unethical for me to overlook this."
170
Increased emphasis on which of the following has led counselors to be more open to addressing spiritual and religious beliefs in counseling?
a. Individualism
b. Multiculturalism
c. Evidence-based practices
d. Practice-informed evaluation
b. Multiculturalism
171
In terms of techniques, what do existential therapy and person-centered therapy have in common?
a. Both focus primarily on unconscious processes.
b. Neither places much importance on the client–therapist relationship.
c. Neither has given rise to many techniques.
d. Both assign an important role to biological factors.
c. Neither has given rise to many techniques.
172
Which of the following approaches is based on a growth model and is ideally suited to preventive care and alleviating a broad range of conditions that interfere with growth?
a. The existential approach
b. The Gestalt approach
c. The Adlerian approach
d. The person-centered approach
c. The Adlerian approach
173
Which approach focuses on increasing effective behaviors?
a. The feminist approach
b. The narrative approach
c. The psychodynamic approach
d. The reality approach
d. The reality approach
174
What does your text regard as the most important ingredient accounting for change in psychotherapy?
a. The client
b. The therapeutic school
c. The amount of therapy
d. The therapist
a. The client
175
According to the text, research evidence from meta-analyses has demonstrated that psychotherapy can be described as which of the following?
a. Highly effective
b. Somewhat effective
c. Remarkably effective
d. Not effective at all
a. Highly effective
