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World History 2 > Final pt . 1 > Flashcards

Final pt . 1 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

notable points about Queen Elizabeth’s reign

A

became queen at age 25

generally worked well with Parliament

was pragmatic

brought religious peace via the Elizabethan Settlement –but not enough reform for Puritans

she never married (close c. 3 times) –thus upon her death left no direct heir

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2
Q

defeat of the Spanish armada

A

SP’s Philip II could regard military action as a holy crusade against the “heretical”/“illegitimate” queen

in the journey around Scotland/IRL –the Armada is wrecked (bad weather)

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3
Q

what was the high point during queen Elizabeth 1’s reign

A

Elizabeth’s words at Tilbury

presided over the Armada’s defeat

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4
Q

Charles 1 of England

A

dissolved Parliament numerous times & ruled without it for 11 years

Charles attempted to impose the Anglican liturgy on Scotland–the Scots rebelled

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5
Q

English civil war

A

Charles I recalled Parliament –it demanded rights –he dissolved it & attempted to arrest leaders

this led to the outbreak of civil war between forces of the King & Parliament

the first civil war ends –Charles escapes to Scotland –he then forges a deal with the Scots …

victorious force: Oliver Cromwell

Charles is captured, brought to trial

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6
Q

new model army

A

led by oliver cromwell

victorious in the english civil war

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7
Q

The restoration

A

Charles 2 now king

Charles had lived in exile in FR

was invited back to restore the English throne

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8
Q

William and Mary

A

ruled during the glorious revolution

invited by English noblemen to invade

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9
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

rule called the interegnum

rule was the time between kings

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10
Q

Parliament’s political supremacy

A

William and Mary acknowledged this by passing the bill of rights

monarch cannot unilaterally make/suspend laws

frequent sessions

power of the purse

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11
Q

East Indies

A

Indonesia

spices

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12
Q

West india

A

Caribbean

sugar, tobacco, slaves

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13
Q

textiles

A

material made from thread or yarn that is woven, matted, or knotted

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14
Q

Cottage Industry/Domestic System

A

rural people desired extra income

urban entrepreneurs would furnish raw materials &basic tools then return later to collect finished products

set the stage (later) for the Industrial Revolution

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15
Q

Jean Colbert

A

finance minister for Louis 14

embraced mercantilism

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16
Q

mercantilism

A

goal is to increase national wealth

the nation is viewed as the economic player, not individuals

state regulation of industry & commerce is necessary

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17
Q

colonialism/colonization

A

the colony furnishes raw materials and the “mother” country produces finished goods

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18
Q

absolutism

A

all power concentrated in the hands of the ruler

no constitution or legislature

in theory, there were no limits on the ruler’s power

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19
Q

Versailles

A

displayed the wealth, power, decadence of the king

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20
Q

Mazarin

A

defeated the french nobles in the Fronde

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21
Q

richelieu

A

the architect of French absolutism

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22
Q

consolidation of royal power in France

A

Richelieu & Mazarin had consolidated power in the king’s hands at the expense of the nobility

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23
Q

Misery of the 95%

A

or the great majority of French people, Absolutism meant a decline in living standards

a significant increase in mortality rates

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24
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

300K Protestants left France

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25
War of Spanish succession
cost France territory/ prestige, also a huge debt 1st demonstration of the“balance of power” concept in Europe
26
Raison d'etat
reason of state Richelieu's principle supersedes any moral violations
27
7 year's war
fought in three locations: North America, Europe & India essentially the first world war France battled Britain for supremacy Peace of Paris was the end
28
results of the 7 year's war
Prussia gained international prestige, considered a major European power France largely expelled from N. America Britain secured colonies of the NA, eastern seaboard, much of Canada, sections of India
29
Romanovs
dynasty depended on serfdom middle class was tiny
30
naturalism
excludes consideration of the supernatural or spiritual only takes into account natural elements/forces one level of reality
31
Francis Bacon
advocated an inductive methodology grounded in experience scientist should be a collector of facts inductive reasoning
32
Rene Decartes
asserted that all knowledge is the product of clear reasoning based on self-evident premises deductive reasoning
33
Inductive reasoning
a conclusion based on a set of observations
34
deductive reasoning
a conclusion based on previously known facts
35
Galileo
advocated heliocentrism was basically silenced by the Inquisition & put under house arrest The Inquisition condemned the Copernican system & forbade Galileo from teaching it as fact
36
Newton
scientific genius & deeply religious thinker his theology clearly heretical at points
37
Adam Smith
laissez-faire leave the market to its own devices his thoughts represent the a challenge to the mercantilist approach
38
laissez-faire
to let do
39
Salons
mostly found in Paris, often run by women evening receptions for discussion a gathering where men/women could educate themselves & openly discuss ideas
40
Deists
individuals whose god was the great architect/clock maker that created the universe and then withdrew from it leaving humans to act within it, guided only by the light of reason
41
Enlightenment
Age of Reason international philosophical movement that stressed human reason&criticized monarchial/clerical absolutists in this age, human reason became the “best” method for learning truth reached its full expression in France
42
Enlightenment outlook on life
what Christians saw as the effects of sin in a fallen world, Enlightenment thinkers saw as the corruption of naturally good people by history, poor education, & faulty institutions Enlightenment thinkers believed in progress, people using reason could correct faulty institutions, create utopia Enlightenment based its optimism on the illusion that humans are good
43
Causes of the French Revolution
immediate cause: practical bankruptcy of the state other causes: poor administration inefficient and unjust tax system clergy and nobility did not pay their fair share
44
Estates General
France's representative assembly
45
Jacobins
faction in the French National Convention more willing to listen to the economic & political demands of the sans-culottes
46
Trafalgar
site of Napoleon's first defeT
47
Admiral Nelson
defeated Napoleon at Trafalgar
48
Waterloo
site of Napoleon's final defeat
49
the Duke of wellington
defeated Napoleon at Waterloo
50
Estates in France
1st: church 2nd: Nobles 3rd: Commoners
51
Liberalism
outlook attaching supreme importance to safeguarding the freedom of the individual
52
Urbanization
accelerated by industrialization
53
socialism
system of social & economic organization in which the means of production are owned not by private individuals, but by the community, in order that all may share more fairly in the wealth produced
54
Romanticism
movement in the arts/literature that originated in the late 18th century
55
Dialectic
Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis idea of Hegel this mechanism explains the totality of experience –how one comprehends history: past/present/future
56
Marxism (goal and outcome)
seizure of power by the working class and the destruction of capitalism capitalist system would eventually be replaced by a communist society
57
Marxism (observations and critiques)
economic forces alone will not explain all of history in no country where communist revolutionaries seized power have people achieved the liberty that Marx desired
58
Nationalism
a conscious bond shared by people who feel attached to a particular land & possess a common language, culture, & history
59
Italian unification
more a union of provinces than a single country
60
Kaiser William 2
supported building a navy to rival GB DT now dominated industrial & weaponry production
61
Bismark
Iron Chancellor united Germany
62
Franco-Prussian war
French forces decisively defeated completed unification of Germany began 2nd reich
63
Queen Victoria
began rule at age 18
64
Great Britain and suffrage
gave voting rights to middle class men & distributed parliamentary seats on a more fair basis
65
Boxer Rebellion
anti-Western uprising and a bid to restore Qing Dynasty
66
Welfare state
state that takes responsibility for the health/subsistence of its citizens

World History 2 (6 decks)

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