Final PT 2 Flashcards
The gracilis muscle is attached to the anterior surface of the tibia at one end to the pubis
and the ischium of the pelvis at the other. When the muscle contracts, hip flexion occurs.
Which attachment point is the muscle’s origin?
Pubis, ischial ramus of the pelvis
Muscle A abducts the humerus, and muscle B adducts the humerus. What is the
relationship between these two muscles?
Antagonistic (the opposite)
What does the name flexor carpi radialis longus tell you about this muscle?
It is a long muscle that is on the radial (thumb) side of the forearm that flexes the wrist.
What would you probably be doing if you were contracting and relaxing your masseter muscle?
Chewing
What facial muscle would you expect to be well-developed in a trumpet player?
Orbicularis oris
The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the neck. What are their antagonists?
Trapezius, splenius capitis and semispialis capitis.
How is a prime mover different from a synergist muscle? How can a prime mover also
be considered an antagonist?
Prime mover- a muscle primarily responsible for specific movement
Synergist- assists the prime mover in executing a movement.
Prime mover as antagonist depends on the specific movement and in which direction the muscle is working.
Name two muscles that reverse the movement of the deltoid muscle.
Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
Why can swallowing help alleviate the pressure sensations at the eardrum when an airplane is changing altitude?
It helps equalize the pressure between the middle ear and the external environment.
Name the prime mover of elbow flexion. Name its antagonist.
Prime Mover: Biceps Brachii
Antagonist: Triceps Brachii
Damage to the external intercostal muscles would interfere with what important process?
Inhalation (breathing in)
How would your body position change if someone hit you in your rectus abdominis muscle?
bend forward, tighten the muscles in the abdominal area, and hunch or assume a more protective posture to help with discomfort
Other than acting to flex the spine and compress the abdominal contents, the abdominal
muscles are extremely important in protecting and containing the abdominal viscera.
What is about the arrangement of these muscles that makes them so well suited for their
Job?
The multi-layered structure, crossed fiber arrangement, and functional roles of the abdominal muscles.
After spending an afternoon carrying heavy boxes from his basement to his attic, Joe
complains that the muscles in his back hurt. What muscle(s) is (are) most likely sore?
Erector spinae for lower back
Trapezius and latissimus dorsi for shoulders/upper back
What muscle are you using when you shrug your shoulders?
Trapezius
Baseball pitchers sometimes suffer from rotator cuff injuries. What muscles are involved
in this type of injury?
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
Injury to the flexor carpi ulnaris would impair what two movements?
Flex the wrist and perform ulnar deviation (wrist adduction)
Which leg movement would be impaired by injury to the obturator muscle?
Lateral rotation of the hip could affect the abduction of the leg, especially in a flexed position.
You often hear of athletes who suffer a pulled hamstring. To what does this phrase refer?
A pulled hamstring typically happens when these muscles are overstretched or when they contract too forcefully. (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)
How would you expect a torn calcaneal tendon to affect the movement of the foot?
Limit the foot’s ability to point downward, resulting in difficulty with walking, running, and other movements
List the four fascicle organizations that produce the different patterns of skeletal muscles.
Parallel, pennate, convergent, circular
What three primary actions are used to identify muscle groups? Give a brief description
of each action.
Flexion: Flexion is the action of decreasing the angle between two body parts, bringing them closer together.
Extension: Extension is the action of increasing the angle between two body parts, moving them further apart.
Abduction: Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.
Adduction: Adduction is the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.
What is the functional difference between the axial musculature and the appendicular
Musculature?
Axial musculature is mainly concerned with stabilization, posture, and respiration along the body’s central axis.
Appendicular musculature is focused on the movement and manipulation of the limbs and supporting structures like the shoulder and pelvic girdles.
The hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups are antagonists of each other, and each
group is a prime mover in its own right. What action does each muscle group perform?
The quadriceps extend the knee (straighten the leg).
The hamstrings flex the knee (bend the leg) and assist in hip extension.
