Final Questions Flashcards by Cara Ratterman

The foundation of the Aboriginal religion is the

a. axis mundi
b. concept of the Dreaming
c. Wakan Tanka
d. Sun Dance

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Primal religions tend to be the traditions of

a. tribal peoples
b. nonliterate peoples
c. the most elite communities
d. both a and b

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The purpose of the Yoruba religion is to

a. guard against the evil deeds of sorcerers and witches
b. maintain the balance between the human beings of earth and the gods and ancestors of heaven
c. relive the early days of creation
d. both a and b

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Aztecs attributed the creation and ordering of the world to

a. Olmec
b. Toltec
c. Quetzalcoatl
d. None of the above

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The Sun Dance is a ritual that

a. celebrates the new year
b. prepares the tribe for the annual buffalo hunt
c. both a and b
d. none of the above

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The supreme god of the Yoruba

Olorun

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The Lakota name for the supreme reality

Wakan Tanka

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7 dimensions of religion

Experiential, mythical, doctrinal, ethical, ritual, material, social
(EMDERMS)

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Why do we study primal religions? (2 reasons)

It is important internationally and locally, and most religions stem from primal religions

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Difference between Absolutism and Pluralism?

Absolutism deals with one truth and pluralism deals with many

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Difference between Western Dualism and Eastern Monism?

Western Dualism sees the world as two separate entities, such and mind and matter. Eastern Monism sees everything as being unified as one whole entity and it can all be described with a single concept.

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Which path consists of meditating studying?

a. Jnana Marga
b. Karma Marga
c. Vedanta
d. Bhakti Marga

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Hindus worship as many as

a. 330 million gods and goddesses
b. 3 gods
c. 100 million gods and goddesses
d. no gods

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The eternal self is

a. brahman
b. moksha
c. karma
d. atman

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Gandhi was born into

a. an affluent family
b. a middle class merchant family
c. the untouchable class
d. poor family

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Which of these Hindu gods is known for destruction and is worshipped by millions?

a. Brahma
b. Vishnu
c. Shiva
d. Rama

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The path that the Bhagavad-Gita is most closely associated with

a. Karma Marga
b. Jnana Marga
c. Bhakti Marga
d. Vedanta

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The lowest class, made up of serrvants and laborers

a. Atman
b. Sati
c. Shudra
d. Untouchables

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The path that was advocated by Mahatma Gandhi and that is marked by an attitude of unselfishness in all aspects

a. Bhakti Marga
b. Samadhi
c. Karma Marga
d. Sati Yoga

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Worshipping at a temple or a household shrine

a. Jnana Marga
b. Yoga
c. Bhakti Marga
d. None of the above

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List and describe the three paths to liberation in Hinduism

Karma Marga: Doing what is right because it is the right thing to do
Jnana Marga: Focus on studying and meditation, mostly the Brahmin class
Bhakti Marga: Devotion of time to worship, only for those who are emotionally attached

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What are the three aspects of Hindu devotional life?

Sacred fires, ritual bathing, pilgrimages to holy lands

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What are the four stages of Hindu life?

Student
Householder
Forest Dweller
Sannyasin

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Describe two cyclical patterns of Hinduism

The entire universe is completely destroyed and then recreated in a cyclical pattern
The wheel of rebirth, or samsara, is a cycle, with every person being reincarnated after death until the achievement of moksha

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The Dalai Lama was the head of the hierarchy of the a. Theravada b. Vajrayana c. Mahayana d. Dukkha

Is called the Great Vehicle, and its adherents revere to bodhisattvas and consider compassion the supreme virtue a. theravada b. mahayana c. vajrayana

Is also known by the somewhat derisive name Hinayana (the Lesser Vehicle), and is the prevalent form of Buddhism in Cabodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand a. Theravada b. Mahayana c. Vajrayana

Is referred to as the Vehicle of the Diamond a. theravada b. mahayana c. vajrayana

Follows the earliest texts, focuses on the teachings of Buddhism a. theravada b. mahayana c. vajrayana

Is the largest division of Buddhism and the dominant form of Buddhism in China, Korea, and Japan a. theravada b. mahayana c. vajrayana

Focuses on the Buddha, celebrating him as a divine savior a. theravada b. mahayana c. vajrayana

Is the prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet a. theravada b. mahayana c. vajrayana

Harnesses sensual enregies to propel individuals toward enlightenment a. theravada b. mahayana c. vajrayana

A saint or one who becomes enlightened

Arhat

Selfish desire; the second noble truth

Tanha

A "Buddha in the making," the ideal type for Mahayana Buddhists

Bodhisattva

List the Three Jewels of Buddhism

The Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha

List the Five Precepts of Moral Life that apply to all Buddhists

Do not take life, do not take what is not given, do not engage in sensual misconduct, do not use false speech, do not use intoxicants

List the Four Noble Truths

To live is to suffer, suffering is brought by desire, suffering can be brought to cessation, the solution to suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path

Give three reasons Hinduism and Buddhism are similar

Hinduism and Buddhism both teach the doctrine of samsara or rebirth, they both believe that time is cyclical, and they both teach the same doctrine of karma.

List the Three Marks of Existence and their meaning

Anatta - "no-self" Anicca - "impermanence" Dukkha - "suffering"

Which of the following changes was NOT one of the effects of Guru Arjan's leadership in Sikhism? a. Sikhism took on a military dimension. b. Sikhism became more policitcal. c. Arjan installed the Adi Granth as Guru. d. Arjan provided Sikhs with a geographical center.

The Adi Granth was installed as Guru in a. 1807 b. 1800 c. 1708 d. 1500

Sikhism has been around for a. five centuries b. 50 years c. eight centuries d. none of the above

A special building for Sikh worshiop that is the central structure of any Sikh community

Gurdwara

A name that Sikhs sometimes use for God

Guru

The divine order of the universe

Hukam

Explain the three ways Sikhs use the capitalized term Guru

Sikhs use Guru in reference to God, to the Adi Granth, and to Guru Nanak and his successors.

List and explain the five K's of the Khalsa

``` Kes - uncut hair kachh - shorts kangha - comb kara - steel wrist guard kirpan - knife or sword ```

What are the three principles that guide Sikh life?

Work, worship, and charity

How many Confucian texts to this day considered most important? a. one b. two c. four d. six

Confucius believed that good government comes about through a. the cultivation of te b. edicts c. punishments d. both b and c

The person who was revered as the second founder of Confucianism

Mencius

Neo-Confucianism's most important figure

Chu Hsi

An ideal human being with perrfect moral character

Chun-tzu

Doing one's best to treat others as one would wish to be treated ("goodness", "love")

Jen

A basic Confucian ethical principle that says not to do to others what you would not want them to do to you

Shu

What are the five constant relationships?

``` Love between father and son duty between ruler and subject distinction between husband and wife precedence of old over young faith between friends ```

Describe Mencius' view of human nature

All human beings are born good, and choose to do evil in violation of their true nature

What are the four most important texts of Confucianism?

The Analects Book of Mencius Great Learning Doctrine of Mean

The sage attains oneness with Tao through insight regarding its a. complexity b. simplicity c. natural unity d. both b and c

The negative, passive, feminine, earthly component

Yin

The positive, active, masculine, heavenly component

Yang

In Taoism, the virtue that when practiced leads the individual to be so perfectly in harmony with nature that nature's energy infuses and empowers the individual

Naturalness

Using the concepts of yin and yang, compare Taoism with Confucianism

Taoism is the yin to Confucianism's yang. Taoism emphasizes being passive while Confucianism emphasizes taking action.

Draw a picture of the yin and yang. Explain how the two sides relate to one another and what the symbol represents.

The symbol represents the relativity of things, and how goodness is tinged with evil, and evil is tinged with goodness. The dark side is yin, which represents negativity, passiveness, femininity, the earthly component of the universe, darkness, and weakness. The white side is yang, which represents positivity, aciton, masculinity, the heavenly component of the universe, light, and strength.

Zen Buddhism developed within a. mahayana buddhism b. vajrayana buddhism c. theravada buddhism d. none of the above

This sect of Zen Buddhism focuses on gradual awakening a. Rinzai b. Soto c. Zazen d. None of the above

The Chinese sect of Buddhism that emphasizes meditation as the primary means of enlightenment

Ch'an

Known as the school of sudden awakening

Rinzai

Known as the school of gradual awakening

Soto

The basic method of Zen meditation, traditionally practiced while seated

Zazen

Israel was granted statehood in a. 1933 b. 1941 c. 1948 d. 1958

Yom Kippur emphasizes a. Love b. New year celebrations c. Repentance d. Hasidism

List and describe the three Modern Institutional Divisions of Judaism

Orthodox: deeply traditional, strictly adheres to the laws, does not change with society Conservative: mid point between orthodox and reform, follows some laws but is more relaxes Reform: adapts with modern society, very relaxes about laws

List the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture

``` Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy ```

Give three examples of the prophets found in the Hebrew Scripture

Joshua, Zacharia, Samuel

Give three examples of the writings found in the Hebrew Scripture

Ruth, Psalms, Ecclesiastes

The emigration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib in A.D. 622

Hijra

Muhammad's own teachings and actions

Sunna

The stone cubical structure in the courtyard of Mecca's Great Mosque that is regarded by Muslims as the sacred center of the Earth

Ka'ba

List three prophets of Islam other than Muhammad and describe their influence

Abraham - regarded as father of Arabs, taught that there is one God Moses - Judaism's greatest prophet, gave the 10 commandments Jesus - golden rule

List and describe the Five Pillars of Islam

``` Shahada - confession of faith Salah - prayer Sawm - fasting Zakah - Wealth sharing Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca ```

List in order by followers the world's top three religions

Christianity Islam Buddhism

Describe the "Night of Power and Excellence"

In 610 A.D., the angel Gabriel visited Muhammad in a cave while meditating, and told him to recite. Muhammad asked him what to recite, and he gave him the power to recite worship of the lord

Final Questions Flashcards

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