Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
Factors contributing to the development of acne vulgaris include:
A
increase in hormones, food allergies, endocrine disorders, heredity
2
Q
How is a diagnosis of diabetes insidious made?
A
water restriction test
3
Q
Treatments for Bell’s palsy
A
anti-inflammatories, analgesics, warm/moist heat, electrical nerve stimulation, and massage, possibly plastic surgery
4
Q
Causes of gastritis
A
smoking, Helicobacter pylori infection, aspirin or NSAIDs use, alcohol consumption
5
Q
urine from patients with hepatitis appears
A
dark
6
Q
Causes of menorrhagia include
A
hormonal imbalance, uterine tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease
7
Q
Common types of headaches include
A
migraine, tension, post-lumbar puncture, cluster
8
Q
Drugs that cause a distorted response to visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation
A
hallucinogens
9
Q
Examples of hallucinogens
A
mescaline, PCP, LSD
10
Q
Prevention of dental caries includes
A
increased toothbrushing and flossing.
11
Q
Catheterization is performed to
A
obtain a sterile urine specimen, treat incontinence, remove urine
12
Q
Complications of mumps
A
orchitis and nerve conduction deafness
13
Q
The advantage of doing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a traditional abdominal incision
A
decreases length of hospital stay, decreases recovery time, decreases number of missed workdays, less discomfort (drastically reduces pain)
14
Q
Secondary liver tumors are a result of metastasis from
A
breast, digestive system, lungs
15
Q
Symptoms of fulminant hepatitis include:
A
confusion, stupor, high fever, hemorrhages from skin and mucous membranes
16
Q
Treatment for hypothyroidism includes:
A
thyroxine hormone replacement
17
Q
Symptoms of measles
A
fever, inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes, runny nose, dusky/red/maculopapular rash over the trunk and extremities, Koplik’s spots in mouth
18
Q
Snellen chart is used to measure
A
visual acuity
19
Q
Causes of obstructions in hydronephrosis
A
kidney stones, an enlarged prostate, congenital defects in the urinary tract structure
20
Q
“Cradle cap” is a form of
A
seborrheic dermatitis
21
Q
Management of acne includes
A
clean with antibacterial soap, avoid squeezing the comedones, avoid the use of heavy makeup
22
Q
Symptoms of hepatitis include
A
anorexia, malaise, jaundice, myalgia, fever, abdominal pain, dark-colored urine
23
Q
Keratitis is an inflammation of
A
the cornea
24
Q
The most common symptom of reflux esophagitis
A
heartburn
25
Cirrhosis of the liver is
chronic, degenerative and irreversbile
26
Environmental causes of congenital defects include
maternal radiation, metabolic disorders, medications
27
Influenza is characterized by
fever and chills, joint and muscle aches, a runny nose and dry cough
28
Terms commonly used in substance-related mental disorders
dependency, addictive, withdrawal
29
Factors contributing to the development of acne vulgaris
endocrine disorders, heredity, food allergies
30
Congenital hip dislocation is obvious in the first month of life because the infant will have
limited hip abduction and asymmetrical folds of the affected thigh.
31
A distinguishing characteristic of Graves’ disease
bulging eyes
32
Treatment for metrorrhagia
D&C
33
Purging behaviors include
induced vomiting and excessive use of laxatives
34
Herpes varicella is also known as
chickenpox
35
The four categories of infectious diseases of childhood
viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic
36
Causes of epilepsy
brain tumors, a neurological disease, scar tissue in the brain due to trauma or stroke
37
Herpes simplex type 1 is also known as
fever blisters and/or cold sores
38
An increase in the production of sebum causing inflammation in areas of the skin with the greatest number of glands is called
seborrheic dermatitis
39
Signs of hydrocephalus
bulging eyes, a shrill high-pitched cry, prominent head veins
40
Angel dust, peace pill, and peace weed are street names for
PCP
41
What is it called when a catheter is placed through an incision into the pelvic wall
suprapubic
42
Disorders that typically have headaches as a symptom
hypertension, anemia, sinusitis, meningitis, encephalitis, constipation, premenstrual tension, and tumors
43
Common signs and symptoms of the female reproductive tract include
abnormal discharge from the nipple, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse
44
Signs and symptoms of otitis media include
the child pulling on the ear, drainage from the ear, a reddish, bulging eardrum
45
Treatment for headaches includes
warm baths, muscle relaxants, rest in a quiet, dark room
46
Common disorders of the eye include
strabismus, cataracts, glaucoma
47
Infants born to crack-using mothers exhibit which symptoms
tremors, low birth weight, frantic sucking activities
48
Caffeine is a stimulant found in which substances
coffee, chocolate, tea
49
A possible cause of blepharitis includes
seborrhea, a bacterial infection, an allergic reaction
50
Muscular dystrophy is characterized by
muscles that are unable to store protein, muscle fibers that die and are replaced with fat and connective tissue, muscles that digress from weak to useless
51
During an otoscopic examination, the _____ can be visualized
tympanic membrane
52
Impetigo is caused by
staphylococcus
53
Treatment of viral hepatitis includes
adequate nutrition and rest
54
Symptoms of the common cold include
sneezing, a nasal discharge, watery eyes
55
Urine is normally
yellow and clear
56
Laboratory tests performed to diagnose diseases or disorders of the male reproductive system include
testosterone levels, PSA, a sperm count
57
The most commonly performed test of the female reproductive system is the
Pap smear
58
Commonly abused substances in substance-induced dementia include
alcohol, paint fumes, cocaine
59
Vaccine is available for hepatitis
A, B
60
Common symptoms of gallbladder disease include
excessive gas, N&V, right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain
61
Which condition can be caused by hormonal disorders, malformation or absence of female organs, pregnancy, or anorexia
amenorrhea
62
Symptoms of a strep throat infection
sore throat, fever, pain with swallowing, red spots on roof of mouth, red and swollen tonsils
63
Reflux esophagitis is inflammation of
tissue at the lower end of the esophagus
64
Hiatal hernias occur when part of the stomach slides into the
thoracic cavity
65
Treatment for esophageal varices includes
treatment to decrease venous pressure, a soft diet
66
Common signs and symptoms of diseases of the urinary system
hematuria, oliguria, and pyuria, nocturia
| low back or flank pain, frequency, urgency
67
Females are more prone to UTIs because
their urethra is shorter, their urethral opening being closer to the rectum, improper wiping
68
Symptoms of kidney stones include
spasmodic flank pain
69
The most common cause of glomerulonephritis
streptococcus
70
Prevention of UTIs
drink six to eight glasses of water per day, wipe from front to back, urinate before and after sexual intercourse
71
The most common bacteria to cause urinary tract infections
E. coli
72
A neurogenic bladder may be caused by
stroke, tumor, spinal cord accident
73
Giantism is a result of oversecretion of
GH (somatotropin)
74
Complications of acromegaly
shortened life expectancy, disfigurement, congestive heart failure
75
A goiter is a growth on the
thyroid
76
Symptoms characteristic of myxedema include:
swelling of facial tissue
77
A chronic disease affecting carbohydrate, or sugar metabolism due to inadequate production of insulin by the pancreatic islets of Langerhan
Diabetes Mellitus
78
Common symptoms of degenerative disk disease include
radiating pain down one or both legs
79
Symptoms of vascular dementia include:
change in memory, change in personality, irritability
80
Symptoms of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
weakness of arm or leg, or both; slurred speech; mild loss of consciousness
81
Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
dysphagia, dysphasia, hemiparesis, confusion, difficulty seeing, incoordination, severe headache, numbness on one side of body
82
Shingles occurs in:
adults
83
Symptoms of meningitis include:
sudden onset of high fever, nuchal rigidity, severe headache
84
Encephalitis may be spread by:
mosquitoes
85
Common signs and symptoms of eye disease
pain or burning in or around eye, decreased visual acuity or ability to see, any visual disorder such as seeing flashes of light, eye redness
86
Common signs and symptoms of ear disease
otalgia, deafness, vertigo, tinnitus
87
The inability of the aging lens to properly focus light rays is known as:
presbyopia
88
Common signs and symptoms of the male reproductive tract include:
lesions on the external genitalia, abnormal penile discharge, welling or abnormal enlargement of the reproductive organs
89
Complications of endometriosis
infertility, an ectopic pregnancy, a spontaneous abortion
90
Symptoms of dysmenorrhea include
low back pain, pain radiating to the upper back, dull to severe cramping
91
Primary amenorrhea occurs if menses have not occurred by age:
18
92
Common signs and symptoms of diseases of the integumentary system include
pain, pruritus, skin lesions
93
Symptoms of Lyme disease include:
flulike symptoms, arthritis, bull's-eye rash
94
The formation of a capsule to wall off and prevent the spread of a staphylococcal infection is an example of
abscess
95
The most common form of tinea infections is:
tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
96
Cystic fibrosis affects which structures
pancreas, lungs, sweat glands
97
Symptoms of pyloric stenosis include:
projectile vomiting beginning at 2-4 weeks of age, mostly in boys
98
The defects involved in tetralogy of Fallot include:
pulmonary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect
99
Common symptoms of a myelomeningocele
paralysis of the legs, bowel and bladder incontinence, skeletal malformation
100
Complications of cerebral palsy include
infant-difficulty sucking or swallowing
| visual and hearing deficits, seizure activity, mental challenges, muscle weakness,, hyperactive reflexes, scissors gait
101
Signs of osteogenesis imperfecta include:
frequent fractures, blue coloration of the sclera of the eyes, otosclerotic deafness
102
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by:
brittle bones
103
Tests to diagnose prenatal disorders
ultrasonography, amniotic fluid analysis, maternal blood analysis
104
Treatment for infectious diseases consists of
good nutrition, good handwashing techniques, rest
105
Rubella is also known as:
German measles, 3-day measles
106
Symptoms of varicella include:
a macular rash, vesicles, intense itching
107
Symptoms of mononucleosis include:
sore throat, fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes
108
The symptoms of ADHD include
hyperactivity, an inability to concentrate, impulsiveness
109
Typical characteristics of an individual with anorexia nervosa include:
body image distortion, an intense fear of becoming fat, an adolescent female
110
Examples of tics include
eye blinking, throat clearing, facial grimacing
111
Treatment for enuresis includes
restricting fluids after the evening meal, bladder training to enlarge bladder capacity, urinating before bedtime
112
The use of inhalants over a long period of time may cause permanent damage to:
brain, heart, kidneys
113
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include
weight gain, irritability, depression
114
Melena is due to the presence of blood in the:
stool
115
Periodontal disease affects the:
gums
116
Common symptoms of gastritis
epigastric pain and bloating
117
Ascites is an accumulation of fluid in the
abdominal cavity
118
When obtaining a sterile urine specimen, the patient needs to get a _____ specimen.
catheterized urine
119
Signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis include
swollen eyes and ankles, flank pain, fever, loss of appetite, malaise, oliguria, hematuria
120
Risk factors for developing macular degeneration
cigarette smoking, farsightedness, light eye color
