final review

Question 1

discovered the x-ray

Answer 1

Wilhelm Roentgen

Question 2

X-rays that are generated for the primary purpose of making a radiographic image

Answer 2

Primary radiation

Question 3

What is the term used to measure radiation exposure

Answer 3

Roentgen

Question 4

Cathode

Answer 4

supplies electrons

Question 5

removes low energy, long wavelengths

Answer 5

filter

Question 6

Restricts the dimension of the primary beam

Answer 6

Collimator

Question 7

Why do dense objects appear radiopaque

Answer 7

Resist the passage of x-rays

Question 8

Darkening of a radiographic image

Answer 8

Density

Question 9

Based on the inverse square law, when the source of radiation is loser the radiation is _____ intense

Answer 9

more

Question 10

Primary cause of biological damage from radiation

Answer 10

Ionization

Question 11

Dose-response curve that indicated any amount of radiation has the potential to cause a biological response

Answer 11

Non-threshold

Question 12

Sequence of events following radiation exposure

Answer 12

Latent-> period of injury-> recovery period

Question 13

Effect of radiation exposure that shows up in the offspring but not the irradiated person

Answer 13

Genetic effect

Question 14

ALARA

Answer 14

As low as reasonably achievable

Question 15

Radiographic recommendation for updating a bitewing on an adult recall patient with no clinical carries and no high risk factors

Answer 15

24-36 months

Question 16

Fastest film speed, therefore reduces radiation exposure

Answer 16

F- speed

Question 17

Maximum permissible whole- body dose for radiation workers

Answer 17

50 milliseiverts

Question 18

Maximum permissible dose for the general public

Answer 18

5 milliseiverts

Question 19

With what do crystals in the film emulsion become energized

Answer 19

Latent image

Question 20

Shade levels form pure black to pure white, visible in a radiographic image

Answer 20

gray scale

Question 21

Purpose of infection control

Answer 21

To prevent transmission of disease

Question 22

Agency that enforces the guidelines for infection control

Answer 22

OSHA

Question 23

technique based on on the rule of isometry

Answer 23

Bisecting

Question 24

What orientation do anterior PA sensors have in the mouth

Answer 24

Vertical

Question 25

Incorrect point of entry results in

Answer 25

a cone-cut

Question 26

primary advantage of the paralleling technique

Answer 26

Minimal dimension and distortion

Question 27

What should the sensor be parallel with in the paralleling technique

Answer 27

Long axis of the tooth

Question 28

What should the central ray be perpendicular with in the bisecting technique

Answer 28

Imaginary bisector

Question 29

How should the central ray be directed to the long axis of the tooth in the paralleling technique

Answer 29

Perpendicular

Question 30

Directing the central rays perpendicular to the plane of the sensor and perpendicular to the long axes of the teeth describes what step of the paralleling technique

Answer 30

Vertical angulation

Question 31

Where is the image receptor placed when unitizing the bisecting tech

Answer 31

As close to as possible to the tooth

Question 32

error in vertical angulation during bitewing

Answer 32

Unequal distribution of arches

Question 33

when exposing a maxillary occlusal radiograph, what is the ideal head position

Answer 33

Parallel to the floor

Question 34

When exposing a mandibular cross-sectional occlusal radiograph, what is the ideal head position

Answer 34

Perpendicular

Question 35

Term for the area that exposure structures distinctly, but structures outside are blurred out of the image on a panoramic

Answer 35

Focal trough

Question 36

Exaggerated smile on a pan

Answer 36

chin tipped too far down

Question 37

What is it called when the operator reads and explains what is observed in a radiograph

Answer 37

interpreting

Question 38

Radiopacity that outlines the socket of the tooth

Answer 38

Lamina-dura

Question 39

Radiolucency that outlines the socket of the tooth

Answer 39

PDL space

Question 40

structure that may be superimposed over the roots of the maxillary molars

Answer 40

Zygomatic process

Question 41

The mandibular anatomical feature that may be recorded on the PA of the maxillary posterior region

Answer 41

Coronoid process

Question 42

Lateral wall of the nasal sinus and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus make up

Answer 42

The inverted Y

Question 43

Positioning the tongue flat against the hard palate for the duration of the panoramic, will minimize the appearance of which air space

Answer 43

Palatoglossal

Question 44

structure that is recorded a second time, opposite of its location and less sharpness

Answer 44

Ghost image

Question 45

Radiolucent depressed area on the bone, inferior to the mandibular anterior teeth

Answer 45

Mental fossa

Question 46

Radiographic feature between and amalgam and full metal crown

Answer 46

shape and margins

Question 47

Material likely to mimic decay

Answer 47

Composite resin

Question 48

Earliest stage of carries

Answer 48

Incipient

Question 49

Carries under restoration margin

Answer 49

recurrent

Question 50

Type of bone loss occurs in the plane parallel to the CEJ of adjacent teeth

Answer 50

Horizontal

Question 51

Significant bone loss that results in a radiolucency observed in the area between multi-rooted teeth

Answer 51

Intereducilar

Question 52

Architecture of a lesion with radiolucent compartments

Answer 52

Multilocular

Question 53

Lesion around a unerupted tooth crown

Answer 53

Pericoronal

Question 54

When a tooth or multiple teeth fail to develop

Answer 54

Hypodontia

Question 55

Radiolucency around the root tips

Answer 55

Periapical abscess

Question 56

Resorption appears to shorten a tooth

Answer 56

External