Final Review

Question 1

Which of the following lists best illustrates increasing levels of complexity?

Answer 1

Organelles,cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 2

The activities of an anatomist consist of ________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of ________.

Answer 2

Observing body parts; studying functions of body parts

Question 3

Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form ________.

Answer 3

Tissues

Question 4

The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates _________.

Answer 4

Responsiveness

Question 5

Which of the following are typically requires to maintain a stable internal environment

Answer 5

Negative feedback mechanisms

Question 6

In negative feedback mechanisms, what occurs due to changes that move a variable away from the normal state?

Answer 6

Stimulation to change the variable in the opposite direction

Question 7

What is the effect of a positive feedback mechanisms?

Answer 7

It moves conditions away from the normal state

Question 8

When does cell death first occur?

Answer 8

During fetal development

Question 9

What causes wrinkling and sagging of the skin?

Answer 9

Loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen

Question 10

T or F: We all know there is to know the structure and function of the human body.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

T or F: Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of then intensity of the temperature.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

T or F: Homeostasis is the maintenance of a no unstable internal environment

Answer 12

False

Question 13

T or F: The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T or F: The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T or F: The digestive system filters wastes from the blood

Answer 15

False

Question 16

T or F: Aging begins on the fetus.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or False: Chromosomes get longer as cell ages.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

A group of cells with common properties that are organized into a layer or mass called a _______.

Answer 18

Tissue

Question 19

A subcellular structure built of assemblies of macromolecules that carries out a particular function is an ______.

Answer 19

Organelle

Question 20

What requirement of life is the most abundant chemical in the body and is the major component of extracellular fluid?

Answer 20

Water

Question 21

Name two types of cavities found in the head?

Answer 21

Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity

Question 22

Matter is composed of elements which, in turn are composed of ________.

Answer 22

Atoms

Question 23

What occurs to form a covalent bond?

Answer 23

Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Question 24

Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of what type of particle?

Answer 24

Cations

Question 25

How does one isotope of a particular element differ from another of the same element?

Answer 25

The isotopes up have different mass numbers

Question 26

What is the chemical formula H2O referring to?

Answer 26

A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Question 27

The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is _________.

Answer 27

Ten-fold

Question 28

A blood pH of _____ is called alkalemia.

Answer 28

7.5-7.8

Question 29

Why is a complete atom considered to be electrically neutral?

Answer 29

Because the number of electrons equals the number of protons

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding the pH scale?

Answer 30

The lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration

Question 31

What is the role of oxygen in the body?

Answer 31

Used to release energy from nutrient molecules

Question 32

What statement describes carbohydrates?

Answer 32

They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms

Question 33

What type of molecule has a molecular formula C6H12O6?

Answer 33

Monosaccharide

Question 34

What statement describes lipids?

Answer 34

They are insoluble in water

Question 35

Which of the following is not an organic compound?

Answer 35

Sodium chloride

Question 36

What statement describes proteins?

Answer 36

The shape of proteins are critical to their function.

Question 37

The decreased responsiveness to an ongoing stimulus is called _________.

Answer 37

Sensory adaptation

Question 38

What statement describes a receptor potential?

Answer 38

Local graded potential that reflects strength of the stimulus.

Question 39

Sensory impulses originate at receptors in response to _________.

Answer 39

Local changes in their cell membrane potentials

Question 40

Olfactory receptors are examples of what class of sensory receptor?

Answer 40

Chemoreceptors

Question 41

What receptor/stimulus pair is correct?

Answer 41

Proprioceptors: stimulated by changes in tension in muscles and tendons

Question 42

Transmission of pain impulses within the posterior horn of the spinal cord can be inherited by compounds called ______, released in response to signals from several areas of the brain.

Answer 42

Enkephalins

Question 43

How do pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors?

Answer 43

They adapt very little, if at all.

Question 44

Where are the receptors for hearing located?

Answer 44

In the spinal organ

Question 45

What is the correct order of segments of the visual pathway?

Answer 45

Optic nerve —> optic chiasma —> optic radiations —> thalamus —> optic tract —> visual cortex