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CPH 315 > Final review > Flashcards

Final review Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three types of diabetes?

A
  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2
  3. Gestational
  4. Other, such as pancreas trauma
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2
Q

Where were the symptoms of diabetes first described?

A

Ancient Greece, Egypt, China, and India

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3
Q

What organ secretes insulin?

A

The pancreas

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4
Q

What is insulin?

A

A hormone that regulates the body’s glucose absorption

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5
Q

Where in the pancreas is insulin secreted?

A

Beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans

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6
Q

What term describes frequent urination?

A

Polyuria

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7
Q

What symptoms of diabetes are common across all types?

A

Polyuria
Extreme thirst and hunger
Fatigue
Unintentional weight loss
Blurry vision
Slow-healing cuts/scrapes
Irritability

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8
Q

What type of disease is type 1 diabetes (T1D)

A

Autoimmune disease

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9
Q

What is the cell pathology of T1D development?

A

Islets of Langerhan quit producing insulin

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10
Q

Does T1D have an acute or slow onset?

A

Acute

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11
Q

In what age group is T1D diagnosis most common?

A

<15 years old

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12
Q

Which continent has the highest rates of T1D incidence?

A

Europe

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13
Q

Does T2D have a slow or fast onset?

A

Slow

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14
Q

What type of diet increases your risk for T2D?

A

Consuming a western diet

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15
Q

What hypothesis suggests that a genetic predisposition to diabetes could be helpful in times of scarcity?

A

Thrifty Genotype

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16
Q

What is the pathology of the development of T2D?

A

Pancreas still produces insulin but the body becomes resistant

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17
Q

What is A1C?

A

Measure of how much glucose is attached to hemoglobin in the blood

Long-term (past 6 months) measure of blood glucose level

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18
Q

How does risk for T2D change with age?

A

Increases with age

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19
Q

Which gender has the highest risk of T2D?

A

Men

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20
Q

Which races/ethnicities have the highest risk in the US?

A

American Indians / Alaska Natives highest
Then Black / African American and Hispanic

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21
Q

How are education and income and risk for T2D related?

A

With increasing education and income, risk for T2D decreases

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22
Q

What are three risk-reducing behaviors for diabetes?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Healthy diet
  2. Exercise
  3. Screening
22
Q

What are four risk-increasing behaviors for obesity?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. High fat and high sugar diet
  2. Sedentary lifestyle
  3. Smoking tobacco
  4. Excessive alcohol use
23
Q

What are four environmental agents associated with diabetes?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. PFAS chemicals
  2. Phthalates
  3. Automobile-dependent environment
  4. Poor food environment (desert/swamp)
24
Which survey is this: annual population-based telephone survey conducted in 53 states and territories
BRFSS
25
What is an exposure assessment?
Process of measuring or estimating individuals' or populations' exposure to an agent
26
What are the basic symptoms of asthma?
Wheezing Coughing Chest tightness Difficulty breathing Waking at night
27
What are the three causes of asthma symptoms?
1. Inflammation 2. Mucus 3. Narrowing of airways in lungs
28
What is the prevalence of asthma among Americans?
8%
29
What are some of the major outcomes studied related to asthma?
Incidence Mortality Asthma attacks ED visits Hospitalizations
30
Name some triggers of asthma
Household dust Pet dander Hot or cold weather Humidity Mold Cockroach & rodent feces Tobacco smoke Perfumes, cleaners, disinfectants Allergies Illness Emotions & anxiety
31
Which two continents globally have the highest prevalence of asthma?
North America Europe
32
What is the most common chronic disease of childhood?
Asthma
33
Before puberty, is asthma more common in boys or girls?
Boys
34
What is the prevalence of asthma in children?
7% of children in the US
35
Is adult asthma more common in men or women?
Women
36
Which has a higher mortality rate? Childhood or adult asthma?
Adult
37
Does asthma more commonly resolve in childhood asthma or adult asthma?
Childhood
38
Which age group has the highest risk for asthma
Teens
39
Which age group has the highest severity of asthma and frequency of attacks
Young children
40
Which US racial/ethnic group has the highest prevalence of asthma?
Those identifying as multiple races is highest followed by black, then hispanic (specifically Puerto Rican)
41
What are three behaviors that increase the risk of adult-onset asthma?
1. Smoking tobacco -- inflammation 2. Poor diet -- inflammation 3. Lack of exercise -- excess weight gain
42
What are the two components of an asthma action plan?
1. Know and avoid triggers 2. How and when to use medicines
43
What are the basic symptoms of depression?
Sadness, hopelessness, irritability, loss of interest, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep problems, loss of appetite, thoughts of suicide, and more
44
How long do symptoms need to be present to be considered a major depressive episode?
2 weeks
45
What are the six major causes of depression?
Genetics and family history Traumatic events Chronic stress Medical problems Certain medications Substance use
46
What are the three types of treatment for depression?
Counseling or talk therapy Medication Electroconvulsive therapy
47
What is an example of counseling or talk therapy? What are some of its goals?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Goals: getting healthier, quitting substances, overcoming fears, coping with stress, processing past events, etc
48
What is the lifetime prevalence of depression in adults in the US?
18.5%
49
What is the current prevalence of depression in adults in the US?
9%
50
What age group has the highest prevalence of depression?
Teens and young adults
51
What racial/ethnic groups have the highest risk for depression?
Highest risk in multiracial Then American Indian/Alaska Native then white
52
When does risk for depression peak?
Teen years
53
Do women or men have a higher risk for depression?
Women have twice the risk

CPH 315 (3 decks)

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