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Human Diseases > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of disease are?

A

Objective findings. Something you measure, something you can see

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2
Q

What is the definition of a syndrome?

A

A group of signs and symptoms appearing concurrently

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3
Q

What is a definition of the term diagnosis?

A

The determination of the nature of a disease in order to effect treatment

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4
Q

When the etiology of a disease is unknown, it is said to be:

A

Idiopathic

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5
Q

What is included in the body’s natural defense against infection?

A

The inflammatory response and the immune response

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6
Q

Homeostasis refers to:

A

Internal balance between systems of the body

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7
Q

The term used that refers to the “cause of a disease” is?

A

Etiology

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8
Q

The swelling that occurs when fluid moves into an area of localized inflammation are termed:

A

Tumor

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9
Q

The heat produced in an area of inflammation is known as:

A

Calor

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10
Q

What is the term that refers to “the source of an illness or abnormal condition, together with its development”, is?

A

Pathogenesis

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11
Q

Patients may have the presence of a disease without feeling or knowing it. What is the term used to describe this possibility?

A

Asymptomatic

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12
Q

The fluid mixture of protein, leukocytes, debris (liquified dead tissue) is medically called:

A

Exudate

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13
Q

Of the following, which would be considered a symptom?

Calor
Dolor
Rubor
Tumor

A

Dolor

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14
Q

The expected outcome of the disease is known as what?

A

Prognosis

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15
Q

The type of disease that is present at birth is classified as a ________________ disease?

A

Congenital

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16
Q

The term applied to an organism that causes a disease is:

A

Pathogen

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17
Q

When the signs and symptoms of a chronic disease subside, the patient is said to be:

A

In Remission

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18
Q

Diseases that are transmitted from human to human are known as?

A

Communicable

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19
Q

The best and most effective means of preventing the spread of pathogens by health care workers is:

A

Hand Washing

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20
Q

Which of the following relationships benefits one element without harm to the other element?

Synergism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism

A

Commensalism

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21
Q

The pathogen is identified by it’s spherical (round) shape

A

Coccus

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22
Q

A patient presents with jaundice, dark urine, and clay colored stools is generally diagnosed with:

A

Hepatitis

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23
Q

The general rule of the “Five Fs” pertains to the GI disorder known as:

A

Cholelithiasis

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24
Q

Blood in the vomit from an ulcerative stomach disorder is medically termed:

A

Hematemesis

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25
Q

The protrusion of the fundus of the stomach through the diaphragm is known as:

A

Hiatal hernia

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26
Q

Small protruding pouches found in the colon are called:

A

Diverticulum

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27
Q

The gastrointestinal disorder that presents with pain and rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point is?

A

Acute Appendicitis

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28
Q

Gastrointestinal disorder mild to fatal normally characterized by severe pain radiating to lower back. Find relief by drawing knees to stomach

A

Gastric Ulcer

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29
Q

The main function of the small intestine is to?

A

Absorb nutrients

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30
Q

The gastrointestinal disorder creating severe epigastric pain AFTER eating is?

A

Cholelithiasis

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31
Q

Viral or infectious hepatitis as a result of human fecal contamination of food and water, is also known as:

A

Hepatitis A

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32
Q

The permanent damage to the liver that creates gastric edema and ascites is:

A

Cirrhosis

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33
Q

What is the result if the feces remains in the large intestine too long?

A

Constipation

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34
Q

The digestive disorder that presents with abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant, increased flatulence and frequent “ribbon-like” stools is?

A

Diverticulitis

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35
Q

Which of the following is not considered when gall stones are suspected?
Fractional
Fertile
Forty
Fat

A

Fractional

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36
Q

Gastritis and peptic ulcers have a common causative organism called:

A

Heliobactor pylori

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37
Q

The small air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles that may fill with fluid as with pneumonia are called?

A

Alveoli

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38
Q

A “barrel chest” is called by the chronic overuse of the:

A

Intercostal Muscles

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39
Q

The respiratory disease that is indicated with the Mantoux test is:

A

Tuberculosis

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40
Q

The respiratory disorder transmitted to the United States by migrating birds from Asia is:

A

Influenza

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41
Q

The etiology of this disease is an “acid fast” bacteria which makes treatment lengthy and difficult

A

Tuberculosis

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42
Q

The presence of air in the pleural space (thorax) causes the lungs to “collapse”, this condition is known as?

A

Pneumothorax

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43
Q

If a patient is diagnosed with __________, their name will be placed on a national registry with the CDC

A

Tuberculosis

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44
Q

A patient presents with a history of clubbing in the fingers, fatigue, chronic productive cough, with copious amounts of purulent sputum. Chest x ray shows “honeycomb” ring shadows and fluid levels. This indicates:

A

Emphysema

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45
Q

True or False:
Sinusitis is considered an upper airway disease

A

True

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46
Q

A child presents with wheezing, difficulty breathing and displays little energy. The physician would probably diagnose this child with?

A

Asthma

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47
Q

What organism causes TB?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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48
Q

The term used indicating a nosebleed is?

A

Epistaxis

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49
Q

The digestive disorder that is indicated with frequent regurgitation of stomach contents in the esophagus / mouth is?

A

GERDS

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50
Q

Which of the following gases stimulates health people to breathe?

A

Carbon Dioxide

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51
Q

What clinical sign confirms or rules in Rubeola?

A

Koplik’s Spots

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52
Q

Which microorganism causes whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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53
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with Klinefelter’s syndrome?

Small Genitals
An extra “Y” Chromosome
An extra “X” Chromosome
Tall slender body and long legs

A

An extra “Y” chromosome

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54
Q

What is the medical name for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

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55
Q

Which of the following is NOT included in a “clinical picture”?

Treatment
Vital signs
Appearance
Signs and Symptoms

A

Treatment

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56
Q

What childhood disease manifests with red macules / vesicles initially on the thorax and later spreading to entire body?

A

Varicella

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57
Q

What congenital disorder presents with a herniation of the meninges and spinal cord at the lumbar area of the spine and is usually asymptomatic?

A

Spina Bifida

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58
Q

Which disease is known as the “3-day” measles?

A

Rubella

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59
Q

Tetanus is extremely dangerous because it is an _______________ organism

A

Anaerobic

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60
Q

The disorder that causes an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium is called:

A

Hydrocephalus

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61
Q

A hereditary recessive disorder that affects young children causing an excess of mucus to be produced in the respiratory and digestive tracts is called:

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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62
Q

A serious, chronic respiratory disease that manifests itself with respiratory distress and wheezing is:

A

Asthma

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63
Q

The etiology of diptheria is?

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

64
Q

A recessive genetic disorder involving faulty metabolism of the protein phenylalanine is:

A

PKU

65
Q

A highly infectious disease that produces a membranous coating of the pharynx/nose is called?

A

Diptheria

66
Q

An affliction that appears as a unilateral, painful lesion involving the dermatome is:

A

Shingles

67
Q

The organism causing the affliction in question 66 (shingles) is:

A

Varicella zoster

68
Q

What disease affects the parotid salivary glands in children?

A

Mumps

69
Q

A complication of mumps in males is:

A

Sterility

70
Q

Which of the following is NOT preventable with vaccine?

Mumps
Rubella
Tularemia
Diptheria

A

Tularemia

71
Q

A foreign substance that enters the body and causes the inflammatory / immune response is called:

A

Antigen

72
Q

Which cell is involved in an antibody-mediated response?

A

B Lymphocytes

73
Q

Which cell in the immune system activates other cells in the immune system?

A

Helper T Cells

74
Q

What cell is primarily responsible for active immunity?

A

Memory B Cells

75
Q

The type of immunity that is passed from mother to baby is:

A

Passive Natural

76
Q

The type of immunity that occurs after a person has had or been exposed to a disease is:

A

Active Natural

77
Q

The type of immunity a person acquires after receiving a vaccination that will protect them for the rest of their life is:

A

Active Artificial

78
Q

The type of immunity that a person receives with a booster such as tetanus to protect them for a specific length of time is:

A

Passive Artificial

79
Q

Which cell is most associated with the cell-mediated response?

A

B Lymphocytes

80
Q

This is an inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism that manifests when an infant is 4 months old and presents when the infant smells “musty” and displays arrested brain development

A

PKU

81
Q

Which elements of the immune system are most related to specific immunity?

A

Antibodies

82
Q

The “butterfly rash” is most associated with:

A

Lupus erythematosus

83
Q

Physical / chemical barriers, phagocytosis, inflammation and natural killer cells are involved in what part of the immunity?

A

Non specific immunity

84
Q

A disorder caused by a decreased amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction is:

A

Myasthenia Gravis

85
Q

Which cell of the immune system is most closely associated with non-specific immunity?

A

Killer T Cells

86
Q

The disorder that causes sclerosis and tightening of the skin and some internal organs is

A

Scleroderma

87
Q

What disorder causes severe deformity/dysfunction of the affected joints?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

88
Q

An acquired disorder that results from a decrease in platelet count is

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

89
Q

One of the signs of the disorder in question 88 (idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura) is a “bruise-like” discoloration of the skin. What is this bruise-like discoloration medically termed?

A

Ecchymosis

90
Q

The use of aspirin to manage symptoms of Influenza A/B is not recommended for children because of its link to which disease?

A

Reyes Syndrome

91
Q

Formation of pus is named what?

A

Suppuration ??

92
Q

Condition that makes an individual more susceptible to a disease without actually causing it

A

Predisposing factors

93
Q

The swelling that occurs when fluid moves into an area of localized inflammation are termed:

A

Tumor

94
Q

The heat produced in an area of inflammation is known as:

A

Calor

95
Q

Immunity that you come in contact with disease

A

Active Natural

96
Q

Patients may have the presence of a disease without feeling or knowing it. What is the term used to describe this possibility?

A

Asymptomatic

97
Q

What is the definition of a syndrome?

A

A group of signs and symptoms appearing concurrently

98
Q

Doctor’s determination of a disease that brings treatment

A

Diagnosis

99
Q

When the etiology of a disease is unknown, it is said to be:

A

Idiopathic

100
Q

Term that means redness is associated with an inflammation

A

Rubor

101
Q

Immunodeficiency disorders result from what?

A

??

102
Q

Definition of homeostasis

A

Internal balance between systems of the body

103
Q

A recessive genetic disorder involving faulty metabolism of the protein phenylalanine is:

A

PKU

104
Q

Medical term that means mixture of protein, leukocytes, and debris (liquified dead tissue)

A

Exudate

105
Q

Term usually associated with mandatory process (latin term)

A
106
Q

What congenital disorder presents with a herniation of the meninges and spinal cord at the lumbar area of the spine and is usually asymptomatic?

A

Spina bifida

107
Q

How long do we wash our hands?

A

1 minute

108
Q

Discoloration of tissue is usually a result of bruising. What is the medical term?

A

Ecchymosis

109
Q

Lymphocytes are involved in what type of immunity?

A

Acquired or antigen-specific

110
Q

True or false:

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune condition

A

True

111
Q

Name of this disease:
Highly contagious disease, normally manifests with a membranous coating of pharynx/nose

A

Diptheria

112
Q

Definition of term:
Expected outcome of a disease

A

Prognosis

113
Q

Type of disorder that are present at birth and occur after 3rd trimester are known as what?

A

Congenital

114
Q

The type of immunity an individual receives when vaccinated?

A

Active Artificial

115
Q

2nd type of infection that occurs due to another infection or improper use of antibiotics is what type of infection?

A

Secondary Infection

116
Q

When a physician is trying to determine a diagnosis, they need knowledge of the diagnosis process and what?

A

History?

117
Q

This term is applied to ALL organisms that cause a disease

A

Pathogens

118
Q

When signs and symptoms of a patient return, the patient is said to be:

A

Relapsing

119
Q

Condition that causes large deformed bones from irregular breakdown and repair of bone tissue

A

Paget’s ??

120
Q

Yellowing of skin in a lymphatic condition is known as:

A

Jaundice

121
Q

Name of the organism that causes chicken pox

A

Varicella zoster

122
Q

Causative organism that causes shingles

A

Varicella zoster

123
Q

Inflammatory and immune response are part of what system?

A

Immune System

124
Q

The term that refers to the “cause of a disease” is?

A

Etiology

125
Q

What is the term that refers to “the source of an illness or abnormal condition, together with its development”, is?

A

Pathogenesis

126
Q

What is the name of the blood cells that are responsible for fighting infections?

A

White Blood Cells

127
Q

What is the first link in chain of infection?

A

Infectious agent

128
Q

Diseases that are transmitted from human to human are known as?

A

Communicable

129
Q

Degenerative breakdown and eventual loss of the articular cartilages in one or more joints

A

Osteoarthritis

130
Q

Medical condition that has a defective mineralization of the bones due to poor Vitamin D activity, which leads to weightbearing bones to bow

A

Rickets

131
Q

Type of bacteria that requires oxygen to survive is known as what?

A

Aerobic

132
Q

This condition is acute, painful, causes buildup of uric crystals in joints, usually affecting big toe

A

Gout

133
Q

What is the medical term for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

134
Q

Where would you find antibodies?

A

Various areas of body

135
Q

What type of immunity is it that an individual obtains after already having the disease?

A

Active Natural

136
Q

Acute partial tear of a ligament is known as what?

A

Sprain

137
Q

22 year old female presents with fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, and heart palpitation. Her RBC count is low and so is her hemoglobin level. What condition causes this?

A

Anemia

138
Q

Symptoms of fever, rash, pain, butterfly rash are indicative of what condition?

A

Lupus

139
Q

What viral disease can easily be diagnosed by looking for “koplik’s spots” in pharynx?

A

Rubeola

140
Q

Infectious agent that causes chicken pox

A

Varicella zoster

141
Q

What blood cells are responsible for fighting bacteria and viral infections

A

White Blood Cells

142
Q

Of the 4 choices, which one is NOT an infectious agent?

A

Whichever is not a pathogen

143
Q

Know the descriptions for:

  • Port of Entry
  • Microorganisms, viruses, bacteria
  • Food, water, people
  • Immunol compromised and elderly people
  • Blood, airborne, direct / indirect contact
  • Respiratory droplets or excretions
A
144
Q

This term means an objective finding that can be seen, heard, or measured

A

Sign

145
Q

This term means a subjective finding that only the patient expresses or experiences

A

Symptom

146
Q

Subjective or Objective:

Patient A presents with angina and has 160 bpm, what type of assessment are you using?

A

Objective

147
Q

Subjective or Objective:

Patient presents with abdominal pain and has level 10 pain on the pain scale, describes it as stabbing, radiating pain, what kind of assessment are you using?

A

Subjective

148
Q

Is heartrate subjective or objective?

A

Objective

149
Q

Is blood pressure subjective or objective?

A

Objective

150
Q

Is respiration subjective or objective?

A

Objective

151
Q

Is temperature subjective or objective?

A

Objective

152
Q

Is pain subjective or objective?

A

Subjective

153
Q

Is dizziness subjective or objective?

A

Subjective

154
Q

Is shortness of breath subjective or objective?

A

Objective

155
Q

Is exhaustion subjective or objective?

A

Subjective

Human Diseases (3 decks)

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