Final Review Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
Signs of disease are?
A
Objective findings. Something you measure, something you can see
2
Q
What is the definition of a syndrome?
A
A group of signs and symptoms appearing concurrently
3
Q
What is a definition of the term diagnosis?
A
The determination of the nature of a disease in order to effect treatment
4
Q
When the etiology of a disease is unknown, it is said to be:
A
Idiopathic
5
Q
What is included in the body’s natural defense against infection?
A
The inflammatory response and the immune response
6
Q
Homeostasis refers to:
A
Internal balance between systems of the body
7
Q
The term used that refers to the “cause of a disease” is?
A
Etiology
8
Q
The swelling that occurs when fluid moves into an area of localized inflammation are termed:
A
Tumor
9
Q
The heat produced in an area of inflammation is known as:
A
Calor
10
Q
What is the term that refers to “the source of an illness or abnormal condition, together with its development”, is?
A
Pathogenesis
11
Q
Patients may have the presence of a disease without feeling or knowing it. What is the term used to describe this possibility?
A
Asymptomatic
12
Q
The fluid mixture of protein, leukocytes, debris (liquified dead tissue) is medically called:
A
Exudate
13
Q
Of the following, which would be considered a symptom?
Calor
Dolor
Rubor
Tumor
A
Dolor
14
Q
The expected outcome of the disease is known as what?
A
Prognosis
15
Q
The type of disease that is present at birth is classified as a ________________ disease?
A
Congenital
16
Q
The term applied to an organism that causes a disease is:
A
Pathogen
17
Q
When the signs and symptoms of a chronic disease subside, the patient is said to be:
A
In Remission
18
Q
Diseases that are transmitted from human to human are known as?
A
Communicable
19
Q
The best and most effective means of preventing the spread of pathogens by health care workers is:
A
Hand Washing
20
Q
Which of the following relationships benefits one element without harm to the other element?
Synergism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
A
Commensalism
21
Q
The pathogen is identified by it’s spherical (round) shape
A
Coccus
22
Q
A patient presents with jaundice, dark urine, and clay colored stools is generally diagnosed with:
A
Hepatitis
23
Q
The general rule of the “Five Fs” pertains to the GI disorder known as:
A
Cholelithiasis
24
Q
Blood in the vomit from an ulcerative stomach disorder is medically termed:
A
Hematemesis
25
The protrusion of the fundus of the stomach through the diaphragm is known as:
Hiatal hernia
26
Small protruding pouches found in the colon are called:
Diverticulum
27
The gastrointestinal disorder that presents with pain and rebound tenderness at McBurney's point is?
Acute Appendicitis
28
Gastrointestinal disorder mild to fatal normally characterized by severe pain radiating to lower back. Find relief by drawing knees to stomach
Gastric Ulcer
29
The main function of the small intestine is to?
Absorb nutrients
30
The gastrointestinal disorder creating severe epigastric pain AFTER eating is?
Cholelithiasis
31
Viral or infectious hepatitis as a result of human fecal contamination of food and water, is also known as:
Hepatitis A
32
The permanent damage to the liver that creates gastric edema and ascites is:
Cirrhosis
33
What is the result if the feces remains in the large intestine too long?
Constipation
34
The digestive disorder that presents with abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant, increased flatulence and frequent "ribbon-like" stools is?
Diverticulitis
35
Which of the following is not considered when gall stones are suspected?
Fractional
Fertile
Forty
Fat
Fractional
36
Gastritis and peptic ulcers have a common causative organism called:
Heliobactor pylori
37
The small air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles that may fill with fluid as with pneumonia are called?
Alveoli
38
A "barrel chest" is called by the chronic overuse of the:
Intercostal Muscles
39
The respiratory disease that is indicated with the Mantoux test is:
Tuberculosis
40
The respiratory disorder transmitted to the United States by migrating birds from Asia is:
Influenza
41
The etiology of this disease is an "acid fast" bacteria which makes treatment lengthy and difficult
Tuberculosis
42
The presence of air in the pleural space (thorax) causes the lungs to "collapse", this condition is known as?
Pneumothorax
43
If a patient is diagnosed with __________, their name will be placed on a national registry with the CDC
Tuberculosis
44
A patient presents with a history of clubbing in the fingers, fatigue, chronic productive cough, with copious amounts of purulent sputum. Chest x ray shows "honeycomb" ring shadows and fluid levels. This indicates:
Emphysema
45
True or False:
Sinusitis is considered an upper airway disease
True
46
A child presents with wheezing, difficulty breathing and displays little energy. The physician would probably diagnose this child with?
Asthma
47
What organism causes TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
48
The term used indicating a nosebleed is?
Epistaxis
49
The digestive disorder that is indicated with frequent regurgitation of stomach contents in the esophagus / mouth is?
GERDS
50
Which of the following gases stimulates health people to breathe?
Carbon Dioxide
51
What clinical sign confirms or rules in Rubeola?
Koplik's Spots
52
Which microorganism causes whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
53
Which of the following is NOT associated with Klinefelter's syndrome?
Small Genitals
An extra "Y" Chromosome
An extra "X" Chromosome
Tall slender body and long legs
An extra "Y" chromosome
54
What is the medical name for whooping cough?
Pertussis
55
Which of the following is NOT included in a "clinical picture"?
Treatment
Vital signs
Appearance
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
56
What childhood disease manifests with red macules / vesicles initially on the thorax and later spreading to entire body?
Varicella
57
What congenital disorder presents with a herniation of the meninges and spinal cord at the lumbar area of the spine and is usually asymptomatic?
Spina Bifida
58
Which disease is known as the "3-day" measles?
Rubella
59
Tetanus is extremely dangerous because it is an _______________ organism
Anaerobic
60
The disorder that causes an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium is called:
Hydrocephalus
61
A hereditary recessive disorder that affects young children causing an excess of mucus to be produced in the respiratory and digestive tracts is called:
Cystic Fibrosis
62
A serious, chronic respiratory disease that manifests itself with respiratory distress and wheezing is:
Asthma
63
The etiology of diptheria is?
Corynebacterium diptheriae
64
A recessive genetic disorder involving faulty metabolism of the protein phenylalanine is:
PKU
65
A highly infectious disease that produces a membranous coating of the pharynx/nose is called?
Diptheria
66
An affliction that appears as a unilateral, painful lesion involving the dermatome is:
Shingles
67
The organism causing the affliction in question 66 (shingles) is:
Varicella zoster
68
What disease affects the parotid salivary glands in children?
Mumps
69
A complication of mumps in males is:
Sterility
70
Which of the following is NOT preventable with vaccine?
Mumps
Rubella
Tularemia
Diptheria
Tularemia
71
A foreign substance that enters the body and causes the inflammatory / immune response is called:
Antigen
72
Which cell is involved in an antibody-mediated response?
B Lymphocytes
73
Which cell in the immune system activates other cells in the immune system?
Helper T Cells
74
What cell is primarily responsible for active immunity?
Memory B Cells
75
The type of immunity that is passed from mother to baby is:
Passive Natural
76
The type of immunity that occurs after a person has had or been exposed to a disease is:
Active Natural
77
The type of immunity a person acquires after receiving a vaccination that will protect them for the rest of their life is:
Active Artificial
78
The type of immunity that a person receives with a booster such as tetanus to protect them for a specific length of time is:
Passive Artificial
79
Which cell is most associated with the cell-mediated response?
B Lymphocytes
80
This is an inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism that manifests when an infant is 4 months old and presents when the infant smells "musty" and displays arrested brain development
PKU
81
Which elements of the immune system are most related to specific immunity?
Antibodies
82
The "butterfly rash" is most associated with:
Lupus erythematosus
83
Physical / chemical barriers, phagocytosis, inflammation and natural killer cells are involved in what part of the immunity?
Non specific immunity
84
A disorder caused by a decreased amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction is:
Myasthenia Gravis
85
Which cell of the immune system is most closely associated with non-specific immunity?
Killer T Cells
86
The disorder that causes sclerosis and tightening of the skin and some internal organs is
Scleroderma
87
What disorder causes severe deformity/dysfunction of the affected joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
88
An acquired disorder that results from a decrease in platelet count is
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
89
One of the signs of the disorder in question 88 (idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura) is a "bruise-like" discoloration of the skin. What is this bruise-like discoloration medically termed?
Ecchymosis
90
The use of aspirin to manage symptoms of Influenza A/B is not recommended for children because of its link to which disease?
Reyes Syndrome
91
Formation of pus is named what?
Suppuration ??
92
Condition that makes an individual more susceptible to a disease without actually causing it
Predisposing factors
93
The swelling that occurs when fluid moves into an area of localized inflammation are termed:
Tumor
94
The heat produced in an area of inflammation is known as:
Calor
95
Immunity that you come in contact with disease
Active Natural
96
Patients may have the presence of a disease without feeling or knowing it. What is the term used to describe this possibility?
Asymptomatic
97
What is the definition of a syndrome?
A group of signs and symptoms appearing concurrently
98
Doctor's determination of a disease that brings treatment
Diagnosis
99
When the etiology of a disease is unknown, it is said to be:
Idiopathic
100
Term that means redness is associated with an inflammation
Rubor
101
Immunodeficiency disorders result from what?
??
102
Definition of homeostasis
Internal balance between systems of the body
103
A recessive genetic disorder involving faulty metabolism of the protein phenylalanine is:
PKU
104
Medical term that means mixture of protein, leukocytes, and debris (liquified dead tissue)
Exudate
105
Term usually associated with mandatory process (latin term)
106
What congenital disorder presents with a herniation of the meninges and spinal cord at the lumbar area of the spine and is usually asymptomatic?
Spina bifida
107
How long do we wash our hands?
1 minute
108
Discoloration of tissue is usually a result of bruising. What is the medical term?
Ecchymosis
109
Lymphocytes are involved in what type of immunity?
Acquired or antigen-specific
110
True or false:
Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune condition
True
111
Name of this disease:
Highly contagious disease, normally manifests with a membranous coating of pharynx/nose
Diptheria
112
Definition of term:
Expected outcome of a disease
Prognosis
113
Type of disorder that are present at birth and occur after 3rd trimester are known as what?
Congenital
114
The type of immunity an individual receives when vaccinated?
Active Artificial
115
2nd type of infection that occurs due to another infection or improper use of antibiotics is what type of infection?
Secondary Infection
116
When a physician is trying to determine a diagnosis, they need knowledge of the diagnosis process and what?
History?
117
This term is applied to ALL organisms that cause a disease
Pathogens
118
When signs and symptoms of a patient return, the patient is said to be:
Relapsing
119
Condition that causes large deformed bones from irregular breakdown and repair of bone tissue
Paget's ??
120
Yellowing of skin in a lymphatic condition is known as:
Jaundice
121
Name of the organism that causes chicken pox
Varicella zoster
122
Causative organism that causes shingles
Varicella zoster
123
Inflammatory and immune response are part of what system?
Immune System
124
The term that refers to the "cause of a disease" is?
Etiology
125
What is the term that refers to "the source of an illness or abnormal condition, together with its development", is?
Pathogenesis
126
What is the name of the blood cells that are responsible for fighting infections?
White Blood Cells
127
What is the first link in chain of infection?
Infectious agent
128
Diseases that are transmitted from human to human are known as?
Communicable
129
Degenerative breakdown and eventual loss of the articular cartilages in one or more joints
Osteoarthritis
130
Medical condition that has a defective mineralization of the bones due to poor Vitamin D activity, which leads to weightbearing bones to bow
Rickets
131
Type of bacteria that requires oxygen to survive is known as what?
Aerobic
132
This condition is acute, painful, causes buildup of uric crystals in joints, usually affecting big toe
Gout
133
What is the medical term for whooping cough?
Pertussis
134
Where would you find antibodies?
Various areas of body
135
What type of immunity is it that an individual obtains after already having the disease?
Active Natural
136
Acute partial tear of a ligament is known as what?
Sprain
137
22 year old female presents with fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, and heart palpitation. Her RBC count is low and so is her hemoglobin level. What condition causes this?
Anemia
138
Symptoms of fever, rash, pain, butterfly rash are indicative of what condition?
Lupus
139
What viral disease can easily be diagnosed by looking for "koplik's spots" in pharynx?
Rubeola
140
Infectious agent that causes chicken pox
Varicella zoster
141
What blood cells are responsible for fighting bacteria and viral infections
White Blood Cells
142
Of the 4 choices, which one is NOT an infectious agent?
Whichever is not a pathogen
143
Know the descriptions for:
- Port of Entry
- Microorganisms, viruses, bacteria
- Food, water, people
- Immunol compromised and elderly people
- Blood, airborne, direct / indirect contact
- Respiratory droplets or excretions
144
This term means an objective finding that can be seen, heard, or measured
Sign
145
This term means a subjective finding that only the patient expresses or experiences
Symptom
146
Subjective or Objective:
Patient A presents with angina and has 160 bpm, what type of assessment are you using?
Objective
147
Subjective or Objective:
Patient presents with abdominal pain and has level 10 pain on the pain scale, describes it as stabbing, radiating pain, what kind of assessment are you using?
Subjective
148
Is heartrate subjective or objective?
Objective
149
Is blood pressure subjective or objective?
Objective
150
Is respiration subjective or objective?
Objective
151
Is temperature subjective or objective?
Objective
152
Is pain subjective or objective?
Subjective
153
Is dizziness subjective or objective?
Subjective
154
Is shortness of breath subjective or objective?
Objective
155
Is exhaustion subjective or objective?
Subjective
