Final review

Question 1

What is the definition of Surveillance & Governmentality according to Foucault?

Answer 1

Power shifts from punishment to internalized discipline. We regulate ourselves because we believe we’re being watched.

Question 2

What is the Panopticon?

Answer 2

Describes how people monitor themselves due to perceived surveillance (e.g., social media).

Question 3

What does Governmentality refer to?

Answer 3

Institutions encourage ‘correct’ behaviors via norms, not force (e.g., fitness apps promoting health).

Question 4

Provide an example of internalized surveillance.

Answer 4

Posting filtered gym selfies = internalized surveillance + fitness norms.

Question 5

Define Biopower.

Answer 5

The regulation of bodies by the state to control populations (Foucault).

Question 6

Where is biopower commonly seen?

Answer 6

• Health initiatives
• Vaccine campaigns
• Reproductive laws.

Question 7

Give an example of biopower in action.

Answer 7

COVID-19 lockdowns and vaccine mandates as exercises of biopower.

Question 8

What does Interdependence mean according to Elias?

Answer 8

Individuals are shaped by their social relationships.

Question 9

How do people’s actions and bodies reflect social history?

Answer 9

They reflect changing relationships and social history.

Question 10

Provide an example of Interdependence.

Answer 10

Tattoos reflect shifts in social acceptance over time.

Question 11

What is The Hinge?

Answer 11

Where biology and society meet; linking physical and social realities.

Question 12

How are our bodies shaped according to The Hinge?

Answer 12

Our bodies are shaped by culture and genetics together.

Question 13

Give an example related to The Hinge.

Answer 13

A man suppressing emotions due to cultural norms despite hormonal response.

Question 14

Define Impression Management according to Goffman.

Answer 14

We perform social roles using our bodies depending on the context.

Question 15

What is the Front Stage in Impression Management?

Answer 15

Controlled behavior in public (e.g., work).

Question 16

What is the Back Stage in Impression Management?

Answer 16

Relaxed behavior in private (e.g., home).

Question 17

Provide an example of Impression Management.

Answer 17

Covering tattoos in interviews.

Question 18

Define Stigma.

Answer 18

A social process of labeling bodies as deviant.

Question 19

What are the types of stigma?

Answer 19

• Discredited (visible)
• Discreditable (hidden)
• Enacted
• Felt.

Question 20

How do individuals manage stigma?

Answer 20

• Passing (hiding)
• Covering (downplaying).

Question 21

Give an example of stigma management.

Answer 21

Avoiding use of assistive devices to reduce attention.

Question 22

Define Total Institutions according to Goffman.

Answer 22

Institutions that completely regulate life (e.g., prisons, military).

Question 23

What are characteristics of Total Institutions?

Answer 23

• Batch living
• Binary management
• Role stripping.

Question 24

What are soft total institutions?

Answer 24

Schools, gyms – they shape bodily behavior.

Question 25

Define Bodywork.

Answer 25

Efforts to conform bodily appearance to norms (e.g., makeup).

Question 26

What is Embodiment?

Answer 26

Lived experience of social structures through the body.

Question 27

Provide an example of Embodiment.

Answer 27

Wearing heels in a professional setting to meet gendered expectations.

Question 28

What is Healthism?

Answer 28

Emphasizes personal responsibility for health.

Question 29

What is the Myth of Healthiness?

Answer 29

Health is not equally accessible; social conditions matter.

Question 30

Provide an example related to Healthism.

Answer 30

Judging someone’s health based on size alone ignores context.

Question 31

Define Deviance.

Answer 31

Defined by society, not inherently wrong.

Question 32

What is Normalization?

Answer 32

Subtle pressures to conform to bodily norms.

Question 33

Provide an example of Normalization.

Answer 33

Gym culture portraying fatness as moral failure.

Question 34

Define Intersectionality.

Answer 34

Multiple identities intersect to shape experience (Crenshaw).

Question 35

Give an example of Intersectionality.

Answer 35

A disabled Black woman faces unique stigma compared to others.

Question 36

What is Biopedagogy?

Answer 36

How we’re taught to govern our bodies (e.g., health campaigns).

Question 37

Provide an example of Biopedagogy.

Answer 37

Canada’s Food Guide influencing ideas of health.

Question 38

What do Productions of Masculinity & Femininity refer to?

Answer 38

Gender is performed through bodily behavior.

Question 39

Provide an example of Productions of Masculinity & Femininity.

Answer 39

Muscles = masculinity, slenderness = femininity.

Question 40

What is Racialization & Whiteness?

Answer 40

White bodies seen as 'normal' in medicine; non-white bodies pathologized.

Question 41

Give an example of Racialization & Whiteness.

Answer 41

Black pain often dismissed in clinical settings.

Question 42

What does Settler Colonialism & the Body refer to?

Answer 42

Colonial power regulates Indigenous bodies.

Question 43

Provide an example of Settler Colonialism & the Body.

Answer 43

Forced sterilizations and removal from land.

Question 44

How does biopower interact with stigma?

Answer 44

Biopower uses stigma to enforce bodily norms.

Question 45

Give an example of biopower and stigma interaction.

Answer 45

Unvaccinated individuals during COVID were stigmatized as irresponsible.

Question 46

How do stigmatized individuals manage their impression?

Answer 46

They often 'pass' or 'cover' to manage how they're perceived.

Question 47

Provide an example of impression management and stigma.

Answer 47

A fat person avoiding public eating to escape judgment.

Question 48

How is our lived experience of health shaped?

Answer 48

Our lived experience of health and control is shaped by biopower.

Question 49

Give an example of embodiment and biopower.

Answer 49

Feeling guilt for resting because of internalized fitness norms.

Question 50

What do normalization, biopedagogy, and healthism teach together?

Answer 50

They teach and reinforce health norms.

Question 51

Provide an example of normalization, biopedagogy, and healthism.

Answer 51

Canada's Food Guide promotes a thin, active body as morally superior.

Question 52

How are stigmatized bodies regulated in total institutions?

Answer 52

In places like prisons or shelters, stigmatized bodies are regulated.

Question 53

Give an example of total institutions and biopower.

Answer 53

Trans prisoners being forced to follow birth-gender dress codes.

Question 54

What does interdependence and embodiment show about our bodies?

Answer 54

Our bodies reflect social relationships.

Question 55

Provide an example of interdependence and embodiment.

Answer 55

Teens going to the gym to match peer expectations, shaping their embodied identity.