Final Review Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is an ionic compound made of and how does ionic bonding occur?
Is made of positive and negative ions.
Ionic bonding happens when one atom gives away electrons and another atom takes them.
In simple terms:
A metal atom gives away one or more electrons.
A nonmetal atom takes those electrons.
Now the metal is positive, and the non metal is negative.
What is a covalent compound made up of and how does bonding occur?
formed when a non-metal and a non-metal bond together and share electrons.
What is a hydrocarbon?
the simplest organic compounds that are only made from hydrogen and carbon.
What are the three main types of organic compounds? What type of bond does each have?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids all have covalent bonds, which means their atoms share electrons.
How do you recognize an acid?
acids start with H.
What is the difference between and physical and a chemical change?
Physical: The substance stays the same, it just changed physically.
No new substance is made.
Chemical: chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different properties.
What are five indicators of a chemical change?
colour change
gas production
temperature change
formation of a precipitate
light or sound is given off
What is a solute? A solvent?
Solute is the substance that gets dissolved by the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving.
What is the law of conservation mass?
The amount of matter stays the same before and after a reaction it’s just rearranged into new substances.
What are the 5 types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis Reaction (Combination)
Two or more substances join to make one new substance.
Decomposition Reaction
One substance breaks apart into two or more substances.
Single Replacement Reaction
One element takes the place of another in a compound.
Double Replacement Reaction
Two compounds swap parts to form two new compounds.
Combustion Reaction
A substance burns in oxygen, usually making heat, light, carbon dioxide, and water.
Absolute Zero
is the coldest possible temperature. In simple terms, it’s the point at which all motion of atoms completely stops
Boiling Point
point at which a liquid turns into a gas.
ex) Water boils at 100°C
Calorimeter
is a way to measure how much heat is gained or lost during a chemical or physical change.
thermal energy
is the heat energy something has because of the movement of its particles. The faster the particles move, the more thermal energy it has
Heat
is the total kinetic energy in a substance
Temperature
is a measure of the average kinetic energy in a substance
Vaporization
the temperature when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Thermodynamics
is a branch of physics involved with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.
Specific heat capacity
It’s the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 degree Celsius.
Enthalpy
is the heat content of a system or the amount of energy within a substance.
Laws of thermodynamics
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in isolated system.
endothermic
energy enters the reaction and is considered part of the reactants. The heat of the overall reaction will be positive and the products will feel cooler.e
exothermic
energy exits the reaction, and is considered part of the products. The heat of the overall reaction will be negative and the product will feel warmer.
thermal expansion
as objects heat up, they expand, as objects cool down, they contract
