Final Review Flashcards
study for final <3 (111 cards)
Which 2 European countries led the competition in navigating and expanding trade routes in the 1400s and 1500s?
Spain and Portugal
What were the 3 G’s that explorers sought to spread or gain for themselves during the Age of Exploration?
God (wanted to spread christianity), Gold (get wealthy), Glory (become famous).
What was the middle passage? What were some main points of it?
When enslaved Africans were shipped to the West Indies. It was cruel and unhealthy. They were chained together, whipped/beat, little food and water, dysentery and sickness, and they were hot and packed close together.
Define Columbian Exchange
The exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe and the Americas.
Why were Britain and France competing for control of the Ohio River Valley? What did this competition lead to? Who wins?
Because it had valuable land and resources & both wanted to expand their territories. This competition led to the French and Indian War. Britain won the war and gained control of the land.
What tribes made up the Iroquois Confederacy? Where were they located in North America? Whose side did they take in the French and Indian War?
The Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and later the Tuscarora. They were located in the Northeastern part of North America (what is now NY.) In the French and Indian War, most of the Iroquois sided with the BRITISH!
What was the Sugar Act? What parts made colonists angry?
The sugar act was a tax passed by the British in 1764 that lessened the tax on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies. The colonists were upset because it allowed British officials to search colonists homes and whether they were guilty was up to officials.
What was the Stamp Act? How did colonists respond to this act?
The Stamp Act was a 1765 law that taxed paper goods like newspapers and legal documents. Colonists protested, burned effigies, boycotted British goods, and formed groups like the Sons of Liberty.
What were the Coercive/Intolerable Acts and its parts? Why were these put in place?
They were laws passed by Britain in 1774 to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party. It closed Boston Harbor, ended Massachusetts’ self government, forced colonists to house soldiers, and more. It made colonists even angrier.
Why could Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston Massacre be considered propaganda?
It showed British soldiers shooting peaceful colonists which wasn’t fully accurate. It was considered propaganda because it was meant to make people angry at the British and build support for the Patriot cause.
Who were the Sons of Liberty? What major act of defiance were they responsible for in Boston?
They were a group of colonists who protested British rule. They were responsible for the Boston Tea Party, where they dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.
Who rode out to let the colonial militia know “The regulars are out”? What were they after?
Paul Revere (along with William Dawes and Samuel Prescott) rode out to warn them that the British troops were coming. The British were heading to Concord to seize weapons and arrest leaders like Samuel Adams and John Hancock.
What is considered the first shots of the American Revolution? What happened to the Redcoats on their way back to Boston?
The Battles of Lexington and Concord; on their way back they were ambushed by colonial militias and they suffered heavy losses and wounds.
What did the Declaration of Independence attempt to explain to the British? What did it say about the rights of men? Why did it state that men could do to an oppressive government?
It explained why the colonists were breaking away from Britain. It said all men have natural rights like life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It stated that the people have the right to overthrow a government that becomes oppressive.
Explain the use of No taxation without Representation. (What did it mean?)
It meant that the colonists believed it was unfair to be taxed by the British Parliament when they had no representatives, or say, in it. They wanted a voice in decisions that affected them.
What happened at the Battle of Long Island?
The British defeated the Americans, forcing George Washington and his troops to retreat. It was one of the 1st major battles after the Declaration of Independence.
What were the results of the Battle of Saratoga?
It was the turning point in the war. It convinced France to join the war on the side of the Americans. France sent money, supplies, troops, and a navy.
How did Washington pull of victories at the Battles of Trenton and Princeton?
He used surprise attacks. He crossed the Delaware River on Christmas Night and attacked Hessian troops in Trenton, then defeated British forces at Princeton days later.
Whose name became synonymous with the word “traitor” forever in American History?
Benedict Arnold
What resulted from the Battle of Yorktown?
The British army under General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington, effectively ending the American Revolutionary War. It convinced the British it wasn’t worth fighting.
Who was the writer of the Pamphlet “common sense”? What did it help convince the colonists they needed to do against British rule?
Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense. It helped convince many colonists that they needed to declare independence from Britain.
What did the Treaty of Paris do? What were its terms?
It ended the American revolution: the US got the land from the Atlantic to the Mississippi river, recognized as an independent nation. British troops would withdraw from U.S. territory, and receive fishing rights off Canada.; U.S. would pay British merchants debts owed and give back loyalist property or pay for it.
Who was the writer of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the writer of the U.S. Constitution?
James Madison
