FINAL Review

Question 0

What is the definition of density?

Answer 0

Density = mass / volume

Question 1

To how many decimal places should the volume of liquid in a buret be recorded?

Answer 1

2 decimal places

0.01

Question 2

The _____ is the curved surface that appears at the top of the liquid container ( such as a buret it pipet).

Answer 2

meniscus

Question 3

How to calculate Rf ( ratio to front)

Answer 3

Distance of component / distance of solvent

Question 4

True or False?

Only colored substances can be separated and identified by paper chromatography.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

True or False?

If a component in a mixture interacts more strongly with the stationary (paper) phase, it will travel up the paper strip at a faster rate than a component that interacts more strongly with the liquid phase.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Standard Deviation

Answer 6

s = sqrt [ sum ( xi-xo ) ^ 2 / n — 1 ]

xi = no. given ; xo = mean ; n = tot no.

Question 7

% Error

Answer 7

( observed value - true value / true value ) * 100

Question 8

What is spectroscope?

Answer 8

Tool that helps determine atomic hydrogen emission line positions.

Question 9

T or F

Electrons in a ground-state can be excited to a high- energy state by absorption of energy.

Answer 9

T

Question 10

What is

The visible region of wavelength?

Answer 10

370-700 nm

Question 11

How to calculate wavelength?

Answer 11

1/ wavelength =
Rh • (1/lower#)^2 - (1/higher#)^2

Rh—Rydberg’s constant: 1.10•10^7”

Question 12

Wavelength in terms of energy?

Answer 12

E=hv
c=wavelength•v

h—Planck’s constant: 6.62608•10^-34
c—speed of light: 3.00•10^8

Question 13

Order from highest to lowest energy:

ultraviolet / visible / infrared

Answer 13

Ultraviolet - highest

Visible

Infrared - lowest

Question 14

The water that is present in ionic salts are called what?

Answer 14

Water of hydration

Question 15

What is it called when some hydrates lose water to the atmosphere upon standing?

Answer 15

Efflorescence

Question 16

What is it called when some anhydrous ionic compounds will tend to absorb water from the air or other sources?

Answer 16

Hygroscopic

Question 17

What is it called when hygroscopic compounds can take up so much water from the air that they dissolve in the water they absorb?

Answer 17

Deliquescence

Question 18

Are carbohydrates hydrates?

Answer 18

No!! Foo

Question 19

What is a hydrate?

Answer 19

A compound whose formula includes a specific number of water molecules

Question 20

What is the “octet rule”?

Answer 20

8 electrons ; stability

Question 21

Can hydrogen be a central atom?

Answer 21

No, H can only form 1 bond

Question 22

T or F

Molecules in which beryllium or boron are the central atom are often electron deficient.

Answer 22

T, Foo!

Question 23

How do you calculate the formal charge?

Answer 23

Valence electrons - dots - lines

Question 24

T or F Lower magnitude of formal charges are preferred.

Answer 24

T

Question 25

More negative formal charges are more _______.

Answer 25

Electronegative

Question 26

What is VSEPR?

Answer 26

valence shell electron pair repulsion Predicts shape of a molecule

Question 27

According to the VSEPR, electron pairs, whether bonding or nonbonding attempt to _________.

Answer 27

Move as far apart as possible

Question 28

name geometric shape 2 regions of high electron density —> __________

Answer 28

Linear sp

Question 29

Name geometric shape 3 regions of high electron density —> __________

Answer 29

Trigonal Planar sp^2

Question 30

Name geometric shape 4 regions of high electron density —>__________

Answer 30

Tetrahedral sp^3

Question 31

Name geometric shape 5 regions of high electron density —>__________

Answer 31

Trigonal Bipyramidal dsp^3

Question 32

Name geometric shape 6 regions of high electron density —>__________

Answer 32

Octahedral d^2sp^3

Question 33

How are electronic (geometric shapes determined)?

Answer 33

regions of high electron density

Question 34

How are molecular shapes determined?

Answer 34

By bonds! Foo

Question 35

Molecular Shape? ``` 1 nonbonding: Trigonal planar-_____ Tetrahedral-_____ Trigonal Bipyramidal-_____ Octahedral-_____ ```

Answer 35

Trigonal planar- bent Tetrahedral-Trigonal pyramidal Trigonal Bipyramidal-seesaw Octahedral-square pyramidal

Question 36

Molecular Shape? 2 nonbonding: Tetrahedral-_______ Trigonal Bipyramidal-______ Octahedral-_______

Answer 36

Tetrahedral-bent Trigonal Bipyramidal-t-shaped Octahedral-square planar

Question 37

What is polar?

Answer 37

Bonding pair not shared equally

Question 38

What are isomers?

Answer 38

Different atomic arrangements | Physical and chemical will vary

Question 39

What is an acid?

Answer 39

A substance that produces hydrogen ions, or protons

Question 40

T or F All acids that contain hydrogens, which are bonded to carbon, are acidic.

Answer 40

F, foo!

Question 41

What is molar mass?

Answer 41

Mass (g) of 1 mole of the compound

Question 42

What is equivalence point?

Answer 42

The point in the reaction at which the number of moles of H+ furnished by the acid exactly equals the number of moles of OH- furnished by the base.

Question 43

What is end point?

Answer 43

Point at which the titration should be stopped

Question 44

How to solve a titration problem?

Answer 44

c-concentration v-volume concentration = moles / volume c•v=c•v (H+ = OH-)

Question 45

Which metals are in Group II ?

Answer 45

Alkaline Earth Metals

Question 46

T or F The solubility of the alkaline earth sulfates is found to decrease with increasing cation size

Answer 46

T Ex. BeSO4 very soluble BaSO4 very insoluble

Question 47

What is the solubility trend?

Answer 47

``` Increase from bottom to top Mg- most soluble Ca Sr Ba-least soluble ```

Question 48

Where are the halogens located?

Answer 48

Group 17

Question 49

What is the trend of the halogens in order of increasing oxidizing strength?

Answer 49

Increase from bottom to top Cl2 strongest Br2 I2 weakest

Question 50

Halogens exist as _______ molecules

Answer 50

Diatomic

Question 51

Unlike alkaline earth metals, the halogens tend to ______ electrons and form _____

Answer 51

Gain | X- anions

Question 52

T or F Halogens are oxidizing agents?

Answer 52

T

Question 53

What is a halogen?

Answer 53

Element in group 17 | Are diatomic molecules

Question 54

What are halides ?

Answer 54

Negative ion (anion)

Question 55

What is oxidation?

Answer 55

Loss of electrons

Question 56

What is an oxidizing agent?

Answer 56

What causes oxidation by removing e from other species. Ex. Br2 is ; Br- not

Question 57

How to calculate molarity

Answer 57

Moles of solute / liters of solution

Question 58

Remember! Energy= frequency Energy, frequency = 1 / wavelength

Answer 58

E&f proportional E, f inverse proportional to wavelength

Question 59

E=h•c/wavelength

Answer 59

Remember formula

Question 60

Trans isomer

Answer 60

Nonpolar

Question 61

cis isomer

Answer 61

Polar