Final Review Flashcards
(78 cards)
What composes the cell membrane?
Selectively permeable phosopholipid membrane with integral and peripheral proteins.
What are integral and peripheral proteins?
An integral protein is a protein that spans the entire cell membrane that cannot be easily extracted.
A peripheral protein is a small protein on either side of the membrane that can be easily extracted without destroying the membrane.
Large lipid soluble molecules enter the cell by which route?
Diffusion through lipid portion of the membrane
What primary active transport?
Carrier mediated transport that requires ATP, transporting molecules against a concentration gradient.
What is secondary active transport?
Associated with moving two ligands. One with move with concentration gradient and one will move against the concentration gradient. When ligands are pumped in the opposite direction it is referred to as an antiporter or counterporter
What is the resting potential inside of a cell?
-70 mV
What is saltatory conduction?
The increase in diffusion of Na ions down a myleinated axon because of a defiancy of Na ions in myselinated regions.
As diameter of an axon increases what happens to conduction speed?
It increases because of less resistance.
What is the sodium potassium pump?
Maintains the membrane potential by regulating sodium and postassium levels inside the cell. It uses primary active transport and pumps potassium inside the cell and sodium outside the cell. The more rapid diffusion of potassium than sodium will also generate membrane potential.
What is an ESPS?
An excitatory post synaptic potential, causes depolarization of another neuron.
What is temporal summation?
Increasing the firing of an AP in a certain amount of time.
What is spatial summation?
a way of achieving an action potential in a neuron with input from multiple presynaptic cells.
During the resting potential of a cell, what charge does it have?
Negative compared to the outside of the cell
What happens to a nerve membrane as its permeability to K increases, while other ion permeability remains the same?
The membrane will become hyperpolarized.
What does the H band on the myofibril represent?
Myosin
Receptor mediated endocytosis does not___________________.
Only transport materials against a concentration gradient
Where is Ca released from during excitation contraction coupling and skeletal muscles?
The lateral sac in the SER.
What is a motor unit?
All of the muscle fibers that are innervated by a single motor neuron.
How do action potentials penetrate deeply in skeletal muscle fibers?
The transverse tubule (t-tubule).
Where is the muscle length and tension greatest?
At L subzero
Which two muscle types have myogenic properties?
Cardiac and Smooth muscle
Which autoimmune disease destroys receptors on the endplate for ACH?
Myasthenia Gravis
Curare is antagonist to which neurotransmitter?
ACH, creating flaccid paralysis.
Nerve tracts are to the central nervous system as ________________.
Nerves are to the peripheral nervous system
