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Anatomy and Physiology > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most common form of cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What kind of damage cannot be easily detected with a bone scan?

A

ligament damage

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3
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone cells; destroy bone matrix, formed from white blood cells

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4
Q

symphysis joint

A

joint in which connecting material is a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage

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5
Q

diarthroses joint

A

free movable joint

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6
Q

synovial membrane

A

innermost layer of articular capsule

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7
Q

anaerobic cellular respiration

A

pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis and converted into lactic acid

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8
Q

axons function

A

carry impulses from neuron cell body to another neuron or effector

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9
Q

subarachnoid space

A

the space between the arachnoid matter matter and pia matter

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10
Q

corpus callosum

A

NOT part of the spinal cord structure

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11
Q

In a reflex arc, what serves as the effector?

A

muscle or gland

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12
Q

What kind of reflexes happen in smooth muscles?

A

autonomic reflexes

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13
Q

medulla oblongata

A

controls heart rate and force of heartbeat and diameter of blood vessels; does NOT store memories

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14
Q

What is referred to as the emotional brain?

A

limbic system

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15
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

caused by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra

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16
Q

What is the other name for the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

thoracolumbar division

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17
Q

T or F; ANS stimulation of involuntary effectors is always excitatory.

A

False

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18
Q

sympathetic preganglionic neurons

A

originate in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord

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19
Q

In which division of the nervous system is there two neurons between the CNS and visceral effectors?

A

autonomic nervous system

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20
Q

T or F; In the sympathetic division, preganglionic fibers are longer than the postganglionic fibers.

A

False

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21
Q

norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter released by postganglionic fibers of sympathetic division

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22
Q

T or F; The axon of preganglionic neurons, autonomic ganglia, and post ganglionic neurons are all parts of the peripheral nervous system.

A

True

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23
Q

Dendrites of the postganglionic neurons from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is found in the _____________.

A

autonomic ganglia

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24
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

fingers and toes look white due to reduced blood flow

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25
What are all involved in olfaction?
limbic system, hypothalamus, & temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex
26
What form the optic nerve?
axons from the ganglion neurons
27
LH: luteinizing hormone
pituitary hormone that stimulates testosterone production by the testes
28
hormone relation between anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex
increased ACTH from anterior pituitary stimulates increase cortisol from adrenal cortex
29
In an average adult male, what the the amount of blood?
5-6 L of blood
30
normal blood pH
between 7.35-7.45
31
Where are worn out red blood cells phagocytized?
liver, spleen, and red bone marrow
32
What produces the first heart sound?
closing of the atrioventricular valve
33
Changes in blood pressure in the aorta and carotid sinus is detected by __________.
baroreceptors
34
What is another name for "fluttering of the heart"?
palpitation
35
capillaries structure
single layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane
36
Which receptors are involved in regulating blood pressure?
baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and proprioceptors
37
first degree burn
involves only the epidermis; mild pain and redness
38
second degree burn
involved the epidermis and part of the dermis; redness, blister formation, edema, pain
39
third degree burn
aka full thickness burn; involves the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer; most skin functions are lost
40
structure of plasma membrane
lipid bilayer: phospholipid, cholesterol, glycolipids; protein: integral, peripheral, and glyco-protein
41
epithelial tissue
cell junctions; skin, lines body cavities and hollow organs, glands
42
connective tissue
extracellular matrix; reticular and elastic and collagen fibers; support and strength
43
Layers of the skin from top to bottom
corneum, lucidum, grandulosum, spinosum, basale
44
white matter
aggregations or bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons located in the brain and spinal cord ; outer layer in spinal cord
45
gray matter
areas in the central nervous system and ganglia containing neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia; outer layer in brain
46
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
47
peripheral nervous system
all nervous tissues outside of CNS
48
divisions of peripheral nervous system
somatic, autonomic, enteric
49
axial skeleton
skull, hyoid, auditoriy ossicles, vertebral column, thorax
50
appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdles, upper limbs , pelvic girdles, lower limbs
51
motor unit in skeletal muscle
all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron
52
Which organ/gland secretes ADH?
hypothalamus
53
autonomic nervous system
not under voluntary control; sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) division
54
What is the main cell type in the skin?
keratinocyte
55
Which layers of epidermis contain living cells?
basale, spinosum, granulosum
56
The dividing cells of a nail are located in the _____________.
nail matrix
57
synovial fluid function
lubricates the joint
58
deltoid muscle
prime abductor of the arm at the shoulder joint
59
oligodendrocytes
form myelin sheath in the CNS
60
Schwann cells
create the myelin sheath in the PNS
61
four main regions of the brain
cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon
62
Which receptor detects the stretch in a stretch reflex?
muscle spindle
63
lacrimal gland location and function
located in the superolateral orbit and produces tears
64
Where are taste buds located?
fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae
65
What are the granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
66
alimentary canal
esophagus, stomach, intestine
67
T or F; The longest segment of the small intestine is the duodenum.
False
68
pepsin
protein digesting enzymes produced by the stomach
69
What are lipids absorbed into?
lacteals

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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