Final Review Flashcards
What the most common use of the chin tuck?
Increases oral control and premature spillage
Also: Reduces premature spillage Increases Vallecular space Bring base of tongue closer to pharyngeal wall Improves airway protection
what is the most common use of the effortful swallow?
Assists with strength of transit in bolus
Also:
Helps with weak transit of food in pharyngeal and oral cavity
Which compensatory maneuvers are multipurpose?
Chin tuck
Head turn
Effortful swallow
Which maneuver do you use specifically for hyolaryngeal elevation?
Mendelson maneuver
Which maneuver is specifically used for airway protection?
Supraglottic swallow
Name 3 swallow treatments that may be used for adults?
Diet modifications
Tactile stimulation
Oral motor exercises
When evaluating infants what should we rely on?
The behavior of the infant
Most importantly the infants respiratory breathing
What is the main difference between treatment in adults and treatment in infants?
The treatment is centered around the infants parent/caregiver
Name the 5 treatment strategies used when treating children
Scheduling Good quantities Environment Posture Oral stimulation
Why is posture important when treating children?
Because of gravity and airway protection;
It gives cues to engage in feeding behaviors
Allows the infant to maintain control of the bolus
Why is environment important when treating children?
It relates to the infants state:
State improves feeding
Basic anatomy of children
Oral cavity is proportionally smaller compared to size of their tongue
Larynx sits higher thus tongue is more forward
Tongue ONLY has oral portion
Epiglottis and soft palate are contacted at rest
Children have reflexes
Tongue and larynx relationship is more curved
What is the most common use of the head turn?
For unilateral weakness
Also: For airway protection Good for hyolaryngeal elevation Directs bolus to strong side Opening the UES
What makes the oral cavity smaller in infants?
The reduced size of the mandible
Therefore the ORAL tongue takes up much of the space
What two structures are in direct contact in infants?
The soft palate and epiglottis
The structures are elevated in infants?
The larynx and hyoid
At what age does the larynx drop?
At age 2-4 years
What is the difference in the pharynx in an infant compared to an adult?
Infants- gentle curve from nasopharynx to hypopharynx. No distinct oropharynx
Adults- curve is at a 90 degree angle.
Name four important feeding reflexes
Tongue protrusion (see other flashcards) Rooting (see other flashcards) Suckling - place nipple inside mouth - stroke tongue or touch hard palate - movement is rhythmical - nutritive-nutritional intake vs. nonnutritive-oral gratification Sucking - same only w/lip seal
Describe the tongue protrusion reflex
- touch ant. tongue and it protrudes from mouth
- to prepare infant to eat
- important to diminish to introduce spoon feeding
Describe the rooting reflex
- stroking infant’s cheek/mouth
- May be present longer in breastfed infants
Swallowing and feeding are dependent on WHAT in infants?
Normal motor development
Why is postural control important?
It affects feeding success/control and airway protection
During the first 6 months, how do infants breathe?
Infants have belly breath
After 6 months, breathing becomes thoracic
