Final Review

Question 1

What are the allosteric inhibitors of hexokinase?

Answer 1

G-3-P (competitive) and ATP

Question 2

What are the allosteric inhibitors of PFK-1?

Answer 2

ATP and citrate

Question 3

What are the allosteric activators of PFK-1?

Answer 3

ADP, AMP, F-2,6-P

Question 4

What are the allosteric inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

Answer 4

NAD+ (regulated by)

Question 5

What are the allosteric inhibitors of pyruvate kinase?

Answer 5

Acetyl CoA and ATP

Question 6

What are the allosteric activators of pyruvate kinase?

Answer 6

F-1,6-biphosphate + AMP

Question 7

What type of enzyme is an aldolase?

Answer 7

Lyase

Question 8

What type of enzymes is a kinase?

Answer 8

Transferase

Question 9

What type of enzyme is a dehydrogenase?

Answer 9

Oxidoreductase

Question 10

What type of enzyme is a mutase?

Answer 10

Isomerase

Question 11

What type of enzyme is enolase?

Answer 11

Lyase

Question 12

What are the three allosteric regulators of the TCA cycle?

Answer 12

• Citrate synthase
• Isocitrate dehydrogenase
• a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 13

What are the allosteric inhibitors of citrate synthase?

Answer 13

Succinyl-CoA, citrate, ATP, NADH

Question 14

What are the allosteric inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

Answer 14

ATP and NADH

Question 15

What are the allosteric activators of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

Answer 15

ADP and NAD+

Question 16

What are the allosteric inhibitors of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase? What is the allosteric activator?

Answer 16

Inhibitors: NADH and succinyl COA
Activators: AMP

Question 17

How many ATP molecules does one glucose molecule produce from the TCA cycle? How many CO2 molecules/glucose?

Answer 17

• 25 ATP/glucose

- 6CO2/glucose

Question 18

What type of enzyme is citrate synthase?

Answer 18

Transferase

Question 19

What type of enzyme is cis-Aconitase?

Answer 19

Lyase

Question 20

What type of enzyme is succinyl-CoA synthetase?

Answer 20

Ligase

Question 21

What type of enzyme is fumarase?

Answer 21

Lyase

Question 22

How many carbon molecules do glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA, citric acid, and oxaloacetate have?

Answer 22

Glucose: 6
Pyruvate: 3
Acetyl CoA: 2
Citric acid: 6
Oxaloacetate: 4

Question 23

Which step in glycolysis has a positive deltaG’o but a negative delta G?

Answer 23

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 24

What is fermentation?

Answer 24

The generation of NAD+ from NADH and H+

Question 25

Where is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex located?

Answer 25

Matrix of the mitochondria

Question 26

Where are the components for the TCA cycle contained?

Answer 26

Matrix of the mitochondria

Question 27

Where are the components of the ETC contained?

Answer 27

Inner membrane

Question 28

Which portion of the ATPase synthase structure rotates? Which undergoes conformational change?

Answer 28

Rotates: F0 (c-ring) Change: F1

Question 29

Is the electron transport chain made up of: A) electron carriers with decreasing electron affinity. B) electron carriers with increasing redox potential C) electron carriers with decreasing oxidizing power.

Answer 29

B) electron carriers with increasing redox potential (increasing potential to acquire electrons)

Question 30

What would an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation lead to?

Answer 30

Operation of the electron transport chain without ATP production.

Question 31

Does the active site of an enzyme bind to the substrate of the reaction it catalyses more or less tightly than it does the transition state intermediate?

Answer 31

Less tightly

Question 32

What happens to km when the concentration of enzyme increases?

Answer 32

Nothing

Question 33

What movements are allowed in membrane proteins? What movements aren't allowed?

Answer 33

Allowed: move laterally and rapidly within the plane of the bilayer. Not allowed: Transverse movement of the lipids that make up the bilayer (colloquially known as flip-flop)

Question 34

What is the cell membrane permeable to? Impermeable?

Answer 34

impermeable to most molecules other than small hydrophobic ones - Impermeable to inorganic ions - Small polar molecules require transporters

Question 35

Does cholesterol act as a fluidity buffer in bacteria?

Answer 35

No, not contained in bacteria | Only acts as a fluidity buffer in mammals

Question 36

The polar head group of cholesterol is what?

Answer 36

The hydroxyl group

Question 37

Is a glycosidic bond covalent?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

In ribonucleic acid polymer , the ribose rings in the polymer are linked to one another by:

Answer 38

- Phosphodiester linkage | - Sensitive linkage

Question 39

What is a characteristic of the phosphodiester linkage?

Answer 39

Sensitive linkage